Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
Department of Obstetrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, 04039-002, São Paulo, Brazil.
Microb Pathog. 2020 Oct;147:104230. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104230. Epub 2020 May 16.
The composition of female microbiome varies with age, physiological and socio-behavior conditions. Also, changes in microbiome composition are observed as pregnancy progresses, especially in the vaginal site. Together with the physiological adaptations of gestation, changes in microbiome composition seem to be fundamental for proper fetal development. This study aimed at simultaneously evaluating the vaginal, gut, and oral microbiome of healthy pregnant women, and comparing it with those observed in healthy non-pregnant women of reproductive age. In a cross-sectional study, vaginal, oral and gut samples were collected from 42 pregnant and 18 non-pregnant women, and the microbiome composition was evaluated by 16S rRNA sequencing, using Illumina platform. In the pregnant group, we observed a positive correlation between Eubacterium and Akkermansia in the gut samples; between Eubacterium and Ruminococcus in the vaginal samples; and between Streptococcus and Gemella in the oral samples. Notwithstanding, we observed a negative correlation between Lactobacillus and Atopobium and between Lactobacillus and Gardnerella in vaginal microbiome. Prevotella was the only genus found in all three sites studied; however, there was no signal of bacterial influence between sites during pregnancy. These results suggest that in addition to hormonal and immunological variations during healthy pregnancy, the female body also undergoes microbiome modulation in multiple sites in order to maintain an eubiotic status.
女性微生物组的组成随年龄、生理和社会行为状况而变化。此外，随着妊娠的进展，微生物组的组成也会发生变化，尤其是在阴道部位。与妊娠的生理适应一起，微生物组组成的变化似乎是胎儿正常发育的基础。本研究旨在同时评估健康孕妇的阴道、肠道和口腔微生物组，并将其与生育年龄的健康非孕妇进行比较。在一项横断面研究中，从 42 名孕妇和 18 名非孕妇中采集了阴道、口腔和肠道样本，并使用 Illumina 平台通过 16S rRNA 测序评估了微生物组组成。在孕妇组中，我们观察到肠道样本中真细菌属和阿克曼氏菌之间存在正相关；阴道样本中真细菌属和瘤胃球菌属之间存在正相关；口腔样本中链球菌属和栖牙密螺旋体属之间存在正相关。然而，我们观察到阴道微生物组中乳杆菌属和阿托波氏菌属以及乳杆菌属和加德纳菌属之间存在负相关。普雷沃氏菌是仅在三个研究部位都发现的唯一属；然而，在妊娠期间，各部位之间没有细菌影响的信号。这些结果表明，除了健康妊娠期间的激素和免疫变化外，女性身体还会在多个部位发生微生物组调节，以维持生态平衡状态。
