Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Carlos III of Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain.
Laboratory of Microstructure Studies and Mechanics of Materials (LEM3), Lorraine University, 7 rue Félix Savart, BP 15082, 57073 CEDEX 03 Metz, France.
Sensors (Basel). 2020 May 17;20(10):2853. doi: 10.3390/s20102853.
This work focuses on the combination of two complementary non-destructive techniques to analyse the final deformation and internal damage induced in aramid composite plates subjected to ballistic impact. The first analysis device, a 3D scanner, allows digitalising the surface of the tested specimen. Comparing with the initial geometry, the permanent residual deformation (PBFD) can be obtained according to the impact characteristics. This is a significant parameter in armours and shielding design. The second inspection technique is based on computed tomography (CT). It allows analysing the internal state of the impacted sample, being able to detect possible delamination and fibre failure through the specimen thickness. The proposed methodology has been validated with two projectile geometries at different impact velocities, being the reaction force history on the specimen determined with piezoelectric sensors. Different loading states and induced damages were observed according to the projectile type and impact velocity. In order to validate the use of the 3D scanner, a correlation between impact velocity and damage induced in terms of permanent back face deformation has been realised for both projectiles studied. In addition, a comparison of the results obtained through this measurement method and those obtained in similar works, has been performed in the same range of impact energy. The results showed that CT is needed to analyse the internal damage of the aramid sample; however, this is a highly expensive and time-consuming method. The use of 3D scanner and piezoelectric sensors is perfectly complementary with CT and could be relevant to develop numerical models or design armours.
这项工作专注于两种互补的无损技术的结合，以分析经受弹道冲击的芳纶复合材料板的最终变形和内部损伤。第一种分析设备是 3D 扫描仪，它允许对测试样本的表面进行数字化。根据冲击特性，与初始几何形状相比，可以获得永久残余变形（PBFD）。这是装甲和屏蔽设计中的一个重要参数。第二种检测技术基于计算机断层扫描（CT）。它允许分析受冲击样品的内部状态，能够通过样品厚度检测到可能的分层和纤维失效。所提出的方法已经通过两种不同冲击速度的弹丸几何形状进行了验证，通过压电传感器确定了样品上的反作用力历史。根据弹丸类型和冲击速度，观察到了不同的加载状态和诱导损伤。为了验证 3D 扫描仪的使用，针对所研究的两种弹丸，在永久背面变形的损伤方面，实现了冲击速度与损伤之间的相关性。此外，在相同的冲击能量范围内，对通过该测量方法获得的结果与在类似工作中获得的结果进行了比较。结果表明，需要使用 CT 来分析芳纶样品的内部损伤；然而，这是一种非常昂贵和耗时的方法。3D 扫描仪和压电传感器的使用与 CT 完全互补，可以用于开发数值模型或设计装甲。
