Vázquez-Gómez Marta, Garcia-Contreras Consolacion, Pesantez-Pacheco José Luis, Torres-Rovira Laura, Heras-Molina Ana, Astiz Susana, Óvilo Cristina, Isabel Beatriz, Gonzalez-Bulnes Antonio
Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Avda Pta. de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Animals (Basel). 2020 May 17;10(5):870. doi: 10.3390/ani10050870.
Fatty pigs are characterized by a thrifty genotype, adapted to harsh environments based on changes in metabolism and energy saving. Thus, we hypothesized that feto-maternal energy partitioning in large litters might have postnatal effects that might be independent of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) processes. Hence, the current work reported the influence of two effects on postnatal performance and carcass and meat quality of purebred Iberian pigs: (a) the effects of the number of piglets in the litter (high vs. low litter size), and (b) the effects of birthweight (low (LBW) vs. normal (NBW)) in large litters. The results confirmed that NBW piglets born in large litters had differences in developmental patterns of weight, back-fat deposition, and fatty acid (FA) composition when compared to NBW piglets from small litters. These results were different from those found in LBW piglets when compared to their NBW counterparts, which showed an initial asymmetrical growth and altered muscle FA composition at slaughtering. The assessment of FA composition indicated better metabolic status in NBW piglets from large litters than in LBW piglets. These data support the concept that the prenatal environment, even when the individual may cope with it, inescapably affects postnatal life.
肥胖型猪具有节俭型基因型，基于新陈代谢的变化和节能适应恶劣环境。因此，我们推测，在高产仔数情况下，母胎能量分配可能对出生后的生长产生影响，且可能独立于子宫内生长受限（IUGR）过程。因此，目前的研究报告了两种因素对纯种伊比利亚猪出生后生长性能、胴体和肉质的影响：（a）窝产仔猪数的影响（高窝产仔数与低窝产仔数），以及（b）高产仔数情况下出生体重的影响（低出生体重（LBW）与正常出生体重（NBW））。结果证实，与来自低产仔数窝的正常出生体重仔猪相比，高产仔数窝出生的正常出生体重仔猪在体重发育模式、背膘沉积和脂肪酸（FA）组成方面存在差异。与低出生体重仔猪与其正常出生体重的同窝仔猪相比，这些结果有所不同，低出生体重仔猪出生时生长不对称，屠宰时肌肉脂肪酸组成发生改变。脂肪酸组成评估表明，高产仔数窝的正常出生体重仔猪的代谢状态优于低出生体重仔猪。这些数据支持了这样一种观点，即产前环境即使个体能够应对，也不可避免地会影响出生后的生活。
