Yusuf Gibran T, Rafailidis Vasileios, Moore Stephen, Hawthorn Benjamin, Fang Cheng, Huang Dean Y, Sellars Maria E, Sidhu Paul S
Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Department of Radiology, St Georges Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Insights Imaging. 2020 May 19;11(1):68. doi: 10.1186/s13244-020-00874-7.
Testicular trauma is common, usually trivial and rarely requires hospital attendance, but if it does, then imaging becomes essential as scrotal assessment may be difficult due to pain and/or scrotal disruption. Ultrasound (US) assumes a crucial role as other cross-sectional modalities have a limited use in the acute presentation. Despite the acceptable accuracy of conventional US techniques, there are limitations which hinder a thorough evaluation, critically the assessment of tissue viability, crucial for clinical management and prognosis. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has been shown to offer improved flow visualisation and tissue perfusion compared with conventional Doppler techniques. CEUS can accurately and confidently demonstrate the viability of testicular parenchyma, delineate fracture lines and haematomas and guide treatment for testis-sparing surgery or orchidectomy. The purpose of this review is to present the literature, familiarise physicians with the principles of CEUS and findings of scrotal trauma and illustrate the main abnormalities through characteristic and educative cases.
睾丸创伤很常见，通常并不严重，很少需要住院治疗，但如果需要住院，那么影像学检查就变得至关重要，因为由于疼痛和/或阴囊破裂，阴囊评估可能会很困难。超声（US）起着关键作用，因为其他横断面检查方法在急性情况下的用途有限。尽管传统超声技术的准确性尚可，但仍存在局限性，阻碍了全面评估，尤其是对组织活力的评估，而这对临床管理和预后至关重要。与传统多普勒技术相比，超声造影（CEUS）已被证明能提供更好的血流可视化和组织灌注。CEUS可以准确且可靠地显示睾丸实质的活力，勾勒出骨折线和血肿，并指导保留睾丸手术或睾丸切除术的治疗。本综述的目的是展示相关文献，使医生熟悉CEUS的原理以及阴囊创伤的检查结果，并通过典型且有教育意义的病例说明主要异常情况。
