Dominijanni Anthony, Mazzocchi Andrea, Shelkey Ethan, Forsythe Steven, Devarsetty Mahesh, Soker Shay
Wake Forest School of Medicine; Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine; Winston-Salem, NC 27103.
Curr Opin Biomed Eng. 2020 Mar;13:168-173. doi: 10.1016/j.cobme.2020.03.005. Epub 2020 Apr 1.
Recent advances in biofabrication technologies, such as cell culture systems, and biomaterials have led to the development of three-dimensional (3D) cell culture platforms, such as tumor organoids. Tumor organoids are more physiologically accurate to the system, which they are intended to model, compared with traditional 2D cancer cell culture systems. Tumor organoids can mimic pathological and physical characteristics of tumors as well as maintain genetic stability of the cancer cells. Furthermore tumor organoids have advantage over animal models, being made from human cells and easily controlled in the laboratory to attain the desired tissue characteristics. In this section, we describe general tumor organoid technologies, the importance of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in model culture systems, and the use of tumor organoids in drug development and precision medicine. Organoid technologies continue to develop rapidly for applications in academic, clinical, and pharmaceutical settings.
生物制造技术的最新进展，如细胞培养系统和生物材料，推动了三维（3D）细胞培养平台的发展，如肿瘤类器官。与传统的二维癌细胞培养系统相比，肿瘤类器官在生理上更接近其旨在模拟的系统。肿瘤类器官可以模拟肿瘤的病理和物理特征，并维持癌细胞的遗传稳定性。此外，肿瘤类器官比动物模型更具优势，因为它们由人类细胞制成，并且在实验室中易于控制以获得所需的组织特征。在本节中，我们描述了一般的肿瘤类器官技术、肿瘤微环境（TME）在模型培养系统中的重要性，以及肿瘤类器官在药物开发和精准医学中的应用。类器官技术在学术、临床和制药领域的应用正在迅速发展。
