Arjmand Babak, Rabbani Zahra, Soveyzi Faezeh, Tayanloo-Beik Akram, Rezaei-Tavirani Mostafa, Biglar Mahmood, Adibi Hossein, Larijani Bagher
Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Regen Eng Transl Med. 2023;9(1):83-96. doi: 10.1007/s40883-022-00271-0. Epub 2022 Aug 8.
Organoids are three-dimensional cultures of stem cells in an environment similar to the body's extracellular matrix. This is also a novel development in the realm of regenerative medicine. Stem cells can begin to develop into 3D structures by modifying signaling pathways. To form organoids, stem cells are transplanted into the extracellular matrix. Organoids have provided the required technologies to reproduce human tissues. As a result, it might be used in place of animal models in scientific study. The key goals of these investigations are research into viral and genetic illnesses, malignancies, and extracellular vesicles, pharmaceutical discovery, and organ transplantation. Organoids can help pave the road for precision medicine through genetic editing, pharmaceutical development, and cell therapy.
PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus were used to search for all relevant papers written in English (1907-2021). The study abstracts were scrutinized. Studies on the use of stem-cell-derived organoids in regenerative medicine, organoids as 3D culture models for EVs analysis, and organoids for precision medicine were included. Articles with other irrelevant aims, meetings, letters, commentaries, congress and conference abstracts, and articles with no available full texts were excluded.
According to the included studies, organoids have various origins, types, and applications in regenerative and precision medicine, as well as an important role in studying extracellular vesicles.
Organoids are considered a bridge that connects preclinical studies to clinical ones. However, the lack of a standardized protocol and other barriers addressed in this review, hinder the vast use of this technology.
Organoids are 3D stem cell propagations in biological or synthetic scaffolds that mimic ECM to allow intercellular or matrix-cellular crosstalk. Because these structures are similar to organs in the body, they can be used as research models. Organoids are medicine's future hope for organ transplantation, tumor biobank formation, and the development of precision medicine. Organoid models can be used to study cell-to-cell interactions as well as effective factors like inflammation and aging. Bioengineering technologies are also used to define the size, shape, and composition of organoids before transforming them into precise structures. Finally, the importance of organoid applications in regenerative medicine has opened a new window for a better understanding of biological research, as discussed in this study.
类器官是干细胞在类似于人体细胞外基质的环境中的三维培养物。这也是再生医学领域的一项新进展。干细胞可通过改变信号通路开始发育成三维结构。为形成类器官，干细胞被移植到细胞外基质中。类器官提供了重现人体组织所需的技术。因此，它可在科学研究中替代动物模型。这些研究的主要目标是对病毒和基因疾病、癌症以及细胞外囊泡的研究、药物发现和器官移植。类器官可通过基因编辑、药物开发和细胞疗法为精准医学铺平道路。
使用PubMed、谷歌学术和Scopus搜索所有用英文撰写的相关论文（1907年至2021年）。对研究摘要进行了审查。纳入了关于干细胞来源的类器官在再生医学中的应用、类器官作为用于细胞外囊泡分析的三维培养模型以及类器官用于精准医学的研究。排除了具有其他无关目的的文章、会议、信件、评论、大会和会议摘要以及没有全文的文章。
根据纳入的研究，类器官在再生医学和精准医学中有多种起源、类型和应用，并且在研究细胞外囊泡方面具有重要作用。
类器官被认为是连接临床前研究和临床研究的桥梁。然而，本综述中提到的缺乏标准化方案和其他障碍阻碍了这项技术的广泛应用。
类器官是在生物或合成支架中的三维干细胞增殖物，这些支架模拟细胞外基质以允许细胞间或基质 - 细胞间的相互作用。由于这些结构类似于体内的器官，它们可作为研究模型。类器官是器官移植、肿瘤生物样本库形成和精准医学发展的医学未来希望。类器官模型可用于研究细胞间相互作用以及诸如炎症和衰老等影响因素。生物工程技术也用于在将类器官转化为精确结构之前确定其大小、形状和组成。最后，如本研究中所讨论的，类器官在再生医学中的应用重要性为更好地理解生物学研究打开了一扇新窗口。
