Ganten D, Stock G
Klin Wochenschr. 1978;56 Suppl 1:31-41. doi: 10.1007/BF01477450.
Angiotensin circulates in the blood as a hormone. Its main target organs are vascular smooth muscle, adrenal gland and the kidney. Hormonal angiotensin increases blood pressure by its vasoconstrictor action, by stimulation of aldosterone secretion and subsequent sodium and water retention, and by the stimulation of catecholamine release. Circulating plasma angiotensin also effects brain mechanisms of blood pressure regulation. In addition to this hormonal function, angiotensin is present in the brain as part of an endogenous brain renin-angiotensin system. Brain angiotensin is not secreted into the blood and can be considered a neurohormone with local function. A role of brain angiotensin in the maintenance of high blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats has been demonstrated. Circulating plasma angiotensin appears to influence brain renin levels and vice versa. Stimulation of specific areas in the brain known to be involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular system, stimulate renin secretion from the kidney. The renin-angiotensin system can therefore serve as an example for the intimate interrelationship between humoral and neurohumoral mechanisms of blood pressure regulation.
血管紧张素作为一种激素在血液中循环。其主要靶器官是血管平滑肌、肾上腺和肾脏。激素性血管紧张素通过其血管收缩作用、刺激醛固酮分泌以及随后的钠和水潴留，以及刺激儿茶酚胺释放来升高血压。循环血浆血管紧张素也影响血压调节的脑机制。除了这种激素功能外，血管紧张素作为内源性脑肾素 - 血管紧张素系统的一部分存在于大脑中。脑内血管紧张素不分泌到血液中，可被视为具有局部功能的神经激素。已经证明脑内血管紧张素在自发性高血压大鼠维持高血压中起作用。循环血浆血管紧张素似乎影响脑肾素水平，反之亦然。刺激已知参与心血管系统调节的脑内特定区域，会刺激肾脏分泌肾素。因此，肾素 - 血管紧张素系统可作为血压调节的体液和神经体液机制之间密切相互关系的一个例子。
