Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab-151001, India.
Curr Drug Targets. 2020;21(14):1476-1494. doi: 10.2174/1389450121666200520103427.
There was a golden era where everyone thought that microbes can no longer establish threat to humans but the time has come where microbes are proposing strong resistance against the majority of antimicrobials. Over the years, the inappropriate use and easy availability of antimicrobials have made antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to emerge as the world's third leading cause of death. Microorganisms over the time span have acquired resistance through various mechanisms such as efflux pump, transfer through plasmids causing mutation, changing antimicrobial site of action, or modifying the antimicrobial which will lead to become AMR as the main cause of death worldwide by 2030. In order to overcome the emerging resistance against majority of antimicrobials, there is a need to uncover drugs from plants because they have proved to be effective antimicrobials due to the presence of secondary metabolites such as terpenoids. Terpenoids abundant in nature are produced in response to microbial attack have huge potential against various microorganisms through diverse mechanisms such as membrane disruption, anti-quorum sensing, inhibition of protein synthesis and ATP. New approaches like combination therapy of terpenoids and antimicrobials have increased the potency of treatment against various multidrug resistant microorganisms by showing synergism to each other.
曾经有一个黄金时代，人们普遍认为微生物不会再对人类构成威胁，但现在微生物对大多数抗菌药物表现出了强烈的耐药性。多年来，抗菌药物的不合理使用和易于获得，使得抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）成为全球第三大致死原因。随着时间的推移，微生物已经通过各种机制获得了耐药性，例如外排泵、通过质粒转移导致突变、改变抗菌药物的作用部位，或者修饰抗菌药物，这将导致 AMR 在 2030 年成为全球主要死因。为了克服大多数抗菌药物的新出现的耐药性，有必要从植物中发现药物，因为它们已被证明是有效的抗菌药物，这是由于存在萜类等次生代谢物。自然界中丰富的萜类物质是为了应对微生物的攻击而产生的，它们通过多种机制对各种微生物具有巨大的潜力，如破坏细胞膜、抗群体感应、抑制蛋白质合成和 ATP 合成。萜类化合物与抗菌药物联合治疗等新方法通过相互协同作用，提高了对抗各种多药耐药微生物的治疗效果。
