Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Clinical Genomics Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Nat Rev Immunol. 2020 Nov;20(11):651-668. doi: 10.1038/s41577-020-0306-5. Epub 2020 May 20.
The T lymphocyte, especially its capacity for antigen-directed cytotoxicity, has become a central focus for engaging the immune system in the fight against cancer. Basic science discoveries elucidating the molecular and cellular biology of the T cell have led to new strategies in this fight, including checkpoint blockade, adoptive cellular therapy and cancer vaccinology. This area of immunological research has been highly active for the past 50 years and is now enjoying unprecedented bench-to-bedside clinical success. Here, we provide a comprehensive historical and biological perspective regarding the advent and clinical implementation of cancer immunotherapeutics, with an emphasis on the fundamental importance of T lymphocyte regulation. We highlight clinical trials that demonstrate therapeutic efficacy and toxicities associated with each class of drug. Finally, we summarize emerging therapies and emphasize the yet to be elucidated questions and future promise within the field of cancer immunotherapy.
T 淋巴细胞，特别是其抗原定向细胞毒性的能力，已成为利用免疫系统对抗癌症的核心焦点。阐明 T 细胞的分子和细胞生物学的基础科学发现，为这场斗争带来了新的策略，包括检查点阻断、过继细胞疗法和癌症疫苗学。在过去的 50 年里，这个免疫学研究领域非常活跃，现在正在享受前所未有的临床成功。在这里，我们提供了一个关于癌症免疫治疗出现和临床实施的全面的历史和生物学视角，重点强调 T 淋巴细胞调节的根本重要性。我们强调了展示每种药物治疗效果和毒性的临床试验。最后，我们总结了新兴的治疗方法，并强调了癌症免疫治疗领域中尚未阐明的问题和未来的前景。
