Marsico Thamiris V, de Camargo Janine, Valente Roniele S, Sudano Mateus J
Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, SP, Brasil.
School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brasil.
Anim Reprod. 2019 Oct 23;16(3):423-439. doi: 10.21451/1984-3143-AR2019-0072.
Global cattle genetic market is experiencing a change of strategy, large genetic companies, traditionally recognized in the artificial insemination field, have also begun to operate in the embryo market. Consequently, the demand for produced (IVP) embryos has grown. However, the overall efficiency of the biotechnology process remains low. Additionally, the lack of homogeneity of post-cryopreservation survival results of IVP embryos still impairing a massive dissemination of this biotechnology in the field. A great challenge for production labs is to increase the amount of embryos produced with exceptional quality after each round of fertilization. Herein, we discuss the molecular and cellular features associated with the competence and cryosurvival of IVP embryos. First, morphofunctional, cellular and molecular competence of the embryos were addressed and a relationship between embryo developmental ability and quality were established with cryosurvival and pregnancy success. Additionally, determinant factors of embryo competence and cryosurvival were discussed including the following effects: genotype, oocyte quality and follicular microenvironment, production conditions, and lipids and other determining molecules. Finally, embryo cryopreservation aspects were addressed and an embryo-focused approach to improve cryosurvival was presented.
全球牛遗传市场正在经历战略变革，传统上在人工授精领域知名的大型遗传公司也已开始涉足胚胎市场。因此，体外生产（IVP）胚胎的需求有所增长。然而，生物技术过程的整体效率仍然较低。此外，IVP胚胎冷冻保存后存活结果缺乏同质性，这仍然阻碍了这项生物技术在该领域的大规模推广。对于胚胎生产实验室来说，一个巨大的挑战是在每一轮体外受精后增加优质胚胎的产量。在此，我们讨论与IVP胚胎的发育能力和冷冻存活相关的分子和细胞特征。首先，阐述了胚胎的形态功能、细胞和分子发育能力，并建立了胚胎发育能力与质量之间与冷冻存活和妊娠成功率的关系。此外，还讨论了胚胎发育能力和冷冻存活的决定性因素，包括以下影响：基因型、卵母细胞质量和卵泡微环境、体外生产条件以及脂质和其他决定性分子。最后，阐述了胚胎冷冻保存方面的内容，并提出了一种以胚胎为重点提高冷冻存活率的方法。
