Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
Department of Information and Library Studies, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
PLoS One. 2020 May 21;15(5):e0233353. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233353. eCollection 2020.
The use of 3D visualization technologies has increased rapidly in many applied fields, including geovisualization, and has been researched from many different perspectives. However, the findings for the benefits of 3D visualization, especially in stereoscopic 3D forms, remain inconclusive and disputed. Stereoscopic "real" 3D visualization was proposed as encouraging the visual perception of shapes and volume of displayed content yet criticised as problematic and limited in a number of ways, particularly in visual discomfort and increased response time in tasks. In order to assess the potential of real 3D visualization for geo-applications, 91 participants were engaged in this study to work with digital terrain models in different 3D settings. The researchers examined the effectivity of stereoscopic real 3D visualization compared to monoscopic 3D (or pseudo 3D) visualization under static and interactive conditions and applied three tasks with experimental stimuli representing different geo-related phenomena, i.e. objects in the terrain, flat areas marked in the terrain and terrain elevation profiles. The authors explored the significant effects of real 3D visualization and interactivity factors in terms of response time and correctness. Researchers observed that the option to interact (t = -10.849, p < 0.001) with a virtual terrain and its depiction with real 3D visualization (t = 4.64, p < 0.001) extended the participants' response times. Counterintuitively, the data demonstrated that the static condition increased response correctness (z = 5.38, p < 0.001). Regarding detailed analysis of data, an interactivity factor was proposed as a potential substitute for real 3D visualization in 3D geographical tasks.
3D 可视化技术在许多应用领域（包括地理可视化）中的应用迅速增加，并从许多不同的角度进行了研究。然而，3D 可视化的益处，特别是在立体 3D 形式下的益处，仍然没有定论，存在争议。立体“真实”3D 可视化被提出可以鼓励对显示内容的形状和体积的视觉感知，但也因其在许多方面存在问题和限制而受到批评，特别是在视觉不适和任务响应时间增加方面。为了评估真实 3D 可视化在地理应用中的潜力，91 名参与者参与了这项研究，他们在不同的 3D 环境中使用数字地形模型。研究人员在静态和交互条件下检查了立体真实 3D 可视化与单眼 3D（或伪 3D）可视化的效果，并应用了三个任务，实验刺激代表不同的与地理相关的现象，即地形中的物体、地形中标记的平坦区域和地形高程剖面。作者探讨了真实 3D 可视化和交互因素在响应时间和正确性方面的显著效果。研究人员观察到，与虚拟地形交互（t=-10.849，p<0.001）及其以真实 3D 可视化呈现（t=4.64，p<0.001）的选项延长了参与者的响应时间。出人意料的是，数据表明静态条件提高了响应的正确性（z=5.38，p<0.001）。关于数据的详细分析，提出了一个交互因素，作为 3D 地理任务中真实 3D 可视化的潜在替代物。
