Social and Biological Determinants of Health Working Group, NC, USA.
Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Science. 2020 May 22;368(6493). doi: 10.1126/science.aax9553.
The social environment, both in early life and adulthood, is one of the strongest predictors of morbidity and mortality risk in humans. Evidence from long-term studies of other social mammals indicates that this relationship is similar across many species. In addition, experimental studies show that social interactions can causally alter animal physiology, disease risk, and life span itself. These findings highlight the importance of the social environment to health and mortality as well as Darwinian fitness-outcomes of interest to social scientists and biologists alike. They thus emphasize the utility of cross-species analysis for understanding the predictors of, and mechanisms underlying, social gradients in health.
社会环境，无论是在早期生活还是成年期，都是人类发病率和死亡率风险的最强预测因素之一。来自其他社会性哺乳动物的长期研究证据表明，这种关系在许多物种中都是相似的。此外，实验研究表明，社会互动可以因果地改变动物的生理、疾病风险和寿命本身。这些发现强调了社会环境对健康和死亡率的重要性，以及对社会科学家和生物学家都感兴趣的达尔文适应度结果。因此，它们强调了跨物种分析对于理解健康社会梯度的预测因素和机制的效用。
