Wang Ting, Yu Cecilia, Xie Xing
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. 2022;179:267-290. doi: 10.1007/10_2020_128.
Microfluidic and lab-on-a-chip systems have become increasingly important tools across many research fields in recent years. As a result of their small size and precise flow control, as well as their ability to enable in situ process visualization, microfluidic systems are increasingly finding applications in environmental science and engineering. Broadly speaking, their main present applications within these fields include use as sensors for water contaminant analysis (e.g., heavy metals and organic pollutants), as tools for microorganism detection (e.g., virus and bacteria), and as platforms for the investigation of environment-related problems (e.g., bacteria electron transfer and biofilm formation). This chapter aims to review the applications of microfluidics in environmental science and engineering - with a particular focus on the foregoing topics. The advantages and limitations of microfluidics when compared to traditional methods are also surveyed, and several perspectives on the future of research and development into microfluidics for environmental applications are offered.
近年来，微流控和芯片实验室系统已成为许多研究领域中越来越重要的工具。由于其尺寸小、流量控制精确，以及能够实现原位过程可视化，微流控系统在环境科学与工程领域的应用越来越广泛。广义而言，它们目前在这些领域的主要应用包括用作水污染物分析（如重金属和有机污染物）的传感器、微生物检测（如病毒和细菌）的工具，以及环境相关问题（如细菌电子转移和生物膜形成）研究的平台。本章旨在综述微流控在环境科学与工程中的应用——特别关注上述主题。还探讨了微流控与传统方法相比的优缺点，并对环境应用中微流控的未来研发提出了一些观点。
