Department of Psychology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK, S4S0A2, Canada.
J Relig Health. 2020 Dec;59(6):3211-3226. doi: 10.1007/s10943-020-01024-5.
Classic fatalism is the belief that regardless of actions, events are predestined to occur (Straughan and Seow 1998). Researchers have found that fatalism is positively correlated with depression symptoms and higher endorsement of an external locus of control. Although fatalism is thought to be a unitary construct, based on the current literature, we hypothesized fatalism may take on other forms. We defined active fatalism as the belief in a predestined personal and global future, combined with the belief that one must do their part to bring this predestined future into fruition. Therefore, we predicted that active fatalism will be negatively correlated with depression symptoms, external locus of control, and negative coping skills. We recruited a sample of religious participants online (n = 282; 49.3% female) who completed self-report scales measuring depression symptoms, classic fatalism, active fatalism, coping skills, and locus of control. We found that while classic fatalism was significantly and positively associated with depression and negative coping, active fatalism was positively correlated with positive coping skills, and negatively correlated with depression and external locus of control. Finally, the present study found that active fatalism explained variance in both depression and anxiety symptoms above and beyond the classic form of fatalism. This confirmed our hypotheses and suggested that there may be several forms of fatalism, each differentially predicting mental health processes and outcomes. The significant positive correlation of positive coping and negative correlations of depression and external locus of control with active fatalism offer evidence in support of the notion that this form of fatalism may in fact be associated with protective mechanisms against depression. Differential assessment of these varying concepts may be appropriate for assessment and psychotherapy.
经典宿命论是一种信念，即无论采取何种行动，事件都是注定要发生的（Straughan 和 Seow 1998）。研究人员发现，宿命论与抑郁症状呈正相关，与外部控制源的认可度较高呈正相关。尽管宿命论被认为是一种单一的结构，但根据目前的文献，我们假设宿命论可能有其他形式。我们将积极的宿命论定义为对个人和全球未来的宿命论的信念，以及必须尽自己的一份力量来实现这一宿命的信念。因此，我们预测积极的宿命论将与抑郁症状、外部控制源和消极的应对技巧呈负相关。我们在线招募了一批宗教参与者（n=282；女性占 49.3%），他们完成了衡量抑郁症状、经典宿命论、积极宿命论、应对技巧和控制源的自我报告量表。我们发现，虽然经典宿命论与抑郁和消极应对显著正相关，但积极宿命论与积极应对技巧呈正相关，与抑郁和外部控制源呈负相关。最后，本研究发现，积极的宿命论除了经典形式的宿命论之外，还可以解释抑郁和焦虑症状的变化。这证实了我们的假设，并表明可能存在几种形式的宿命论，每种形式都以不同的方式预测心理健康过程和结果。积极应对与抑郁和外部控制源的显著正相关，以及与积极宿命论的负相关，为这样一种观点提供了证据，即这种形式的宿命论实际上可能与预防抑郁的保护机制有关。对这些不同概念的差异评估可能适合评估和心理治疗。
