Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150030, PR China.
Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150030, PR China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2020 Sep 15;159:1156-1164. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.129. Epub 2020 May 19.
The effects of hot-water extraction (HWE), ultrasound-treated extraction (UTE), enzyme-treated extraction (ETE) and ultrasound-enzyme treated extraction (UETE) on the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, antioxidant activities and characteristics of Ginkgo biloba seed polysaccharides were investigated and compared in this study. Among the four extracted polysaccharides, the UETE-polysaccharide initially exhibited the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and antioxidant activities. The HWE-polysaccharide showed a large number of small compact spherical structures, and the UTE-polysaccharide exhibited an irregular pleated porous shape; meanwhile, the ETE-polysaccharide and UETE-polysaccharide were spongy with smooth surface topography, as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The four polysaccharides varied in monosaccharide composition. The HWE-polysaccharide mainly consisted of homogeneous mannose; the UETE-polysaccharide was primarily composed of mannose, rhamnose, and glucose in a molar ratio of 8.25:1.00:1.53. The HWE-polysaccharide had the largest molecular weight (4.2 × 10 Da), reduced by the order of the UETE-polysaccharide (2.02 × 10 Da), ETE-polysaccharide (1.72 × 10 Da), and UTE-polysaccharide (1.34 × 10 Da). Thus, the four extract methods exerted significant effects on the bioactivity and characteristics of the polysaccharides. The UETE-polysaccharide from G. biloba seeds showed the highest bioactive activities and distinctive structural characteristics.
本研究考察并比较了热水提取（HWE）、超声处理提取（UTE）、酶处理提取（ETE）和超声-酶处理提取（UETE）对银杏种子多糖的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性、抗氧化活性和特性的影响。在所提取的四种多糖中，UETE-多糖最初表现出最高的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性和抗氧化活性。HWE-多糖呈现出大量小而紧凑的球形结构，UTE-多糖表现出不规则的褶皱多孔形状；同时，ETE-多糖和 UETE-多糖呈海绵状，表面形貌光滑，这是通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察到的。四种多糖的单糖组成不同。HWE-多糖主要由均一的甘露糖组成；UETE-多糖主要由甘露糖、鼠李糖和葡萄糖组成，摩尔比为 8.25:1.00:1.53。HWE-多糖的分子量最大（4.2×10 Da），按 UETE-多糖（2.02×10 Da）、ETE-多糖（1.72×10 Da）和 UETE-多糖（1.34×10 Da）的顺序依次降低。因此，四种提取方法对多糖的生物活性和特性有显著影响。银杏种子的 UETE-多糖表现出最高的生物活性和独特的结构特征。
