Pagotto Vanina L, Giunta Diego H, Dawidowski Adriana R
Departamento de Investigación, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina. E-mail:
Departamento de Investigación, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Medicina (B Aires). 2020;80(3):219-228.
A process of feminization of the medical profession is observed, however, the massive access of women is associated with new gender inequalities named horizontal and vertical segregation. Horizontal segregation manifests itself in the unequal distribution of men and women in certain medical specialties and vertical segregation, in the limited representation of women in most high professional positions. The objective of this study was to determine how men and women are distributed in the different stages of the process that involves entering the medical residency system of an universitary hospital from Buenos Aires, Argentina, and to analyze the horizontal and vertical segregation of gender in the process of admission to medical residencies. Based on data from applicants to an universitary hospital, in the 2015-2017 period, a multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to adjust the odds ratio of being male or female with potential confounders. There was no association between being man or woman and the performance of the exam, its approval and the admission to the interview. The adjusted odds ratio for the admission to the residency of men with respect to women was 2.03 (1.44-2.85). For the surgical residencies it was 2.75 (1.54-4.92) and for clinical it was 1.89 (1.17-3.00). In the inscription, women opted mainly for clinical residencies, and men for surgical purposes. Horizontal and vertical segregation was observed in the process of the residency. Making gender segregation visible will allow generating an equitable society.
然而，人们观察到医学职业存在女性化的过程，然而，女性的大量进入与新的性别不平等现象有关，即横向和纵向隔离。横向隔离表现为男女在某些医学专业中的分布不均，而纵向隔离则表现为女性在大多数高级专业职位中的代表性有限。本研究的目的是确定男性和女性在进入阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯一所大学医院的医学住院医师培训系统的不同阶段是如何分布的，并分析医学住院医师录取过程中的性别横向和纵向隔离。基于一所大学医院2015 - 2017年期间申请人的数据，进行了多元逻辑回归分析，以调整男性或女性与潜在混杂因素的优势比。性别与考试成绩、考试通过情况以及进入面试环节之间没有关联。男性相对于女性进入住院医师培训的调整优势比为2.03(1.44 - 2.85)。外科住院医师培训的这一比例为2.75(1.54 - 4.92)，临床住院医师培训的比例为1.89(1.17 - 3.00)。在报名过程中，女性主要选择临床住院医师培训，而男性则出于外科目的。在住院医师培训过程中观察到了横向和纵向隔离。使性别隔离可见将有助于建立一个公平的社会。
