Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd., Changsha 410078, China.
Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd., Changsha 410078, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 May 20;17(10):3571. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17103571.
Poor eating habits increase children's risk of chronic diseases such as overweight and obesity, adult diabetes, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the eating habits of school-age children and their impact on children's body mass index.
Multistage cluster sampling was used to sample 2224 students in grades 4 to 6 from 16 primary schools in Changsha. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect general demographic, eating habit, and snack consumption data from school-age children. Height and weight were measured so that the body mass index Z-score could be calculated and evaluated according to the 2007 World Health Organization's Body Mass Index (BMI) reference standard.
The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in school-age children were 17.0% and 8.3%, respectively. Boys had higher rates of overweight and obesity than girls (19.9% vs. 13.6%, 12.9% vs. 3.0%, respectively, < 0.05). Among the total population of children, 71.6% reported picky eating habits, and 55.1% had late-night snacks. Children who skipped breakfast (OR 1.507 and 95% CI 1.1162.035) and ate puffed food (OR 1.571 and 95% CI 1.1702.110) were more likely to be overweight/obese.
The eating habits of school-age children are closely related to their weight status. Poor eating habits can be risk factors for overweight and obesity. The dietary management of children should be strengthened so that they develop good eating habits and the incidence of overweight and obesity in school-age children decreases.
不良饮食习惯会增加儿童超重和肥胖、成年糖尿病以及心血管和脑血管疾病等慢性病的发病风险。因此，本研究旨在调查学龄儿童的饮食习惯及其对儿童体重指数的影响。
采用多阶段整群抽样方法，抽取长沙市 16 所小学 4 至 6 年级的 2224 名学生。采用自行设计的问卷收集儿童一般人口学、饮食习惯和零食消费数据。测量身高和体重，计算体重指数 Z 评分，并根据 2007 年世界卫生组织体重指数（BMI）参考标准进行评估。
学龄儿童超重和肥胖的患病率分别为 17.0%和 8.3%。男孩超重和肥胖的比例高于女孩（19.9%比 13.6%，12.9%比 3.0%，均<0.05）。在所有儿童中，71.6%有挑食习惯，55.1%有吃夜宵的习惯。不吃早餐的儿童（OR 1.507，95%CI 1.1162.035）和吃膨化食品的儿童（OR 1.571，95%CI 1.1702.110）更容易超重/肥胖。
学龄儿童的饮食习惯与其体重状况密切相关。不良饮食习惯可能是超重和肥胖的危险因素。应加强儿童的饮食管理，使其养成良好的饮食习惯，降低学龄儿童超重和肥胖的发生率。
