饮食文化差异与饮食失调行为：与人格特质的关联。

Cross-cultural differences in orthorexic eating behaviors: Associations with personality traits.

机构信息

Department of Health Psychology and Applied Diagnostics, Faculty of Human-Social Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Sport Science, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.

Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon; INSERM, U1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Limoges, France; University of Limoges, UMR 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Limoges, France; CH Esquirol, Department of Psychiatry, Limoges, France.

出版信息

Nutrition. 2020 Sep;77:110811. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110811. Epub 2020 Mar 19.

DOI:10.1016/j.nut.2020.110811

PMID:32447071

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

Sociocultural factors and personality traits play key roles in determining dietary behaviors. Orthorexia nervosa (ON), the pathologic obsession with healthy eating, is increasingly receiving scientific attention. However, mechanisms and risk factors are not completely understood. The aims of this study were to compare the prevalence of orthorexic eating attitudes among adults in Germany and Lebanon, and to examine the relationship with primary facets of personality and maladaptive personality traits.

METHODS

The German sample comprised 391 adults, of which 314 were women (80.3%) and the mean age was 27 y. The Lebanese sample comprised 519 adults, of which 283 were women (56%) and the mean age was 36 y. In addition to sociodemographic data, participants completed the Dusseldorf Orthorexia Scale (DOS), the Teruel Orthorexia Scale (TOS), the Big Five Inventory, and the Personality Inventory for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition.

RESULTS

Generally higher levels of healthy orthorexia among women and higher levels of ON according to the TOS-ON and DOS scores were found in Lebanon. In the Lebanese sample, 8.4% presented a high risk for ON, whereas this was true for only 4.9% of the German sample. Some associations between DOS/TOS scores and personality traits appeared but coefficients were generally low. Hierarchical multiple regression showed that the negative association between ON and the traits agreeableness and negative affectivity was clearly evident in the Lebanese sample but less so in the German sample. Age, body mass index, marital status, and subjective social status were not relevant moderators of effects. Comparison by country indicated higher prevalence of pathologic healthful eating and ON in the Lebanese sample compared with the German group. Personality traits, but not sociodemographic variables, partly contributed to this difference.

CONCLUSION

The present results suggested the importance of sociocultural factors in the development of eating pathologies and proposed specific personality traits as important associated factors.

摘要

目的

社会文化因素和人格特质在决定饮食行为方面起着关键作用。神经质性厌食症（ON），即对健康饮食的病理性痴迷，越来越受到科学界的关注。然而，其机制和风险因素尚不完全清楚。本研究的目的是比较德国和黎巴嫩成年人中存在的饮食异常态度的发生率，并研究其与人格的主要方面和适应不良的人格特质之间的关系。

方法

德国组由 391 名成年人组成，其中 314 名是女性（80.3%），平均年龄为 27 岁。黎巴嫩组由 519 名成年人组成，其中 283 名是女性（56%），平均年龄为 36 岁。除了社会人口统计学数据外，参与者还完成了杜塞尔多夫饮食异常量表（DOS）、特鲁埃尔饮食异常量表（TOS）、大五人格量表和《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第 5 版人格障碍检查表。

结果

总体而言，黎巴嫩女性的健康饮食异常程度较高，根据 TOS-ON 和 DOS 得分，ON 水平也较高。在黎巴嫩样本中，有 8.4%的人存在 ON 高风险，而德国样本中只有 4.9%的人存在 ON 高风险。DOS/TOS 得分与人格特质之间存在一些关联，但系数通常较低。分层多元回归显示，ON 与宜人性和负性情感特质之间的负相关在黎巴嫩样本中表现明显，但在德国样本中则不太明显。年龄、体重指数、婚姻状况和主观社会地位不是影响效应的调节因素。两国比较表明，黎巴嫩样本中病理性健康饮食和 ON 的发生率高于德国组。人格特质，而不是社会人口统计学变量，在一定程度上促成了这一差异。