Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Moxie Sport Analysis & Coaching, Erp, Looieind 1, 5469 SR Erp, The Netherlands.
TNO, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Defense, Safety & Security, Kampweg 55, 3769 DE Soesterberg, The Netherlands; Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section for Integrative Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Prev Vet Med. 2020 Jun;179:105010. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105010. Epub 2020 Apr 25.
In human sport science, the acute:chronic workload (ACWR) ratio is used to monitor an athlete's preparedness for competition and to assess injury risks. The aim of this study was to investigate whether acute and chronic workload calculations for external and internal loads (e.g. high-speed work distance and associated exertional effort) were associated with injury risk in elite eventing horses and to identify workloads performed by horses competing in different competition and at different fitness levels. Training load and injury data were collected from 58 international eventing horses (CCI2*-CCI5* level) over 1-3 years. A total of 94 individual competition seasons were monitored. During this period, heart rate (HR; beat/min) and GPS data were collected of all their conditional training sessions and competitions. External load was determined as the distance (m) covered at high speed (HS ; velocity between 6.6 and 9.5 m/s), and sprint speed (SS ; velocity>9.5 m/s). Internal load was calculated for HS and SS, using individualized training impulses (TRIMP ;AU). For internal and external workload HS and SS the acute (1-week) and chronic (4-week) workloads were calculated and ACWR determined. The injury data in relation to ACWR was modelled with a multilevel logistic regression. Akaike's information criterion was used for model reduction. Sixty-four soft tissue injuries were registered from a total of 2300 training sessions and competitions. External and internal workload at HS and SS were significantly affected by the year and fitness level of horses. Competition level and year significantly affected the distances covered at SS. The ACWR of high-speed distance of the present week (OR; 0.133, 95 % CI; 0.032, 0.484) and the previous week (OR 3.951, 95 % CI; 1.390, 12.498) were significantly associated with injury risk. Competition level and chronic workload had no significant effect on injuries. In agreement with findings in human athletes, acute spikes of workload in eventing horses increased the risk of injury. Evaluation of horses' workload can be used to design and effectively monitor training programs and can help to improve equine welfare by reducing injury risk.
在人类运动科学中，急性：慢性工作量（ACWR）比值用于监测运动员的比赛准备情况并评估受伤风险。本研究的目的是调查外部和内部负荷（例如高速工作距离和相关的用力程度）的急性和慢性工作量计算是否与精英盛装舞步马的受伤风险相关，并确定在不同比赛和不同健身水平下比赛的马匹的工作量。在 1-3 年内，从 58 匹国际盛装舞步马（CCI2*-CCI5* 级）中收集了训练负荷和受伤数据。共监测了 94 个个人比赛赛季。在此期间，收集了他们所有条件训练课和比赛的心率（HR；次/分钟）和 GPS 数据。外部负荷确定为高速（HS；速度在 6.6 和 9.5 m/s 之间）覆盖的距离（m），以及冲刺速度（SS；速度>9.5 m/s）。使用个性化训练脉冲（TRIMP；AU）计算 HS 和 SS 的内部负荷。对于 HS 和 SS 的内部和外部工作量，计算了急性（1 周）和慢性（4 周）工作量，并确定了 ACWR。使用多水平逻辑回归对与 ACWR 相关的受伤数据进行建模。使用赤池信息量准则进行模型简化。从总共 2300 次训练课和比赛中记录了 64 次软组织损伤。HS 和 SS 的外部和内部工作量受到马匹年龄和健身水平的显著影响。比赛水平和年份显著影响 SS 覆盖的距离。本周（OR；0.133，95%CI；0.032，0.484）和上周（OR 3.951，95%CI；1.390，12.498）的高速距离的 ACWR 与受伤风险显著相关。比赛水平和慢性工作量对受伤没有显著影响。与人类运动员的研究结果一致，盛装舞步马的工作量急性增加会增加受伤的风险。对马匹工作量的评估可用于设计和有效监测训练计划，并通过降低受伤风险来提高马的福利。
