Suarez-Arrones Luis, De Alba Borja, Röll Mareike, Torreno Ignacio, Strütt Sarah, Freyler Kathrin, Ritzmann Ramona
Section of Physical Education and Sports, Department of Sports and Computer Science, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.
FC Basel 1893, Basel, Switzerland.
Front Sports Act Living. 2020 Jul 8;2:75. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00075. eCollection 2020.
This study aimed to determine whether spikes in acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) are associated with injury incidence, and to examine the differences in external load due to greater or lesser exposure to matches and the long-term effects of the load during a chronic seasonal period. Fifteen professional soccer players belonging to the squad of a European Champions League club were enrolled in this study. External training and match load were assessed from all athletes using a global positioning system (GPS). We calculated the uncoupled ACWR for 10 consecutive competitive microcycles. Injuries were identified and determined by the days of absence. The differences in external load were determined using a linear mixed-model approach. In addition to the null hypothesis testing, the effect size was calculated. Thirteen athletes who did not suffer an injury exceeded several times the critical threshold of an ACWR > 1.5. This is equivalent to 1 player exceeding the critical threshold for ACWR in total distance (TD), 2 players for ACWR at distance covered above moderate speed (MSD), 2 players for ACWR at distance covered above high speed (HSD), 2 players for ACWR at distance covered above very high speed (VHSD), and 2 players for ACWR in DC at sprint per week. One athlete experienced a non-contact muscle strain injury and another a contact -injury manifested as a concussion; both athletes document an ACWR <1.5 within the 4 weeks prior to the injury event. Players with lesser participation in official games covered lower TD (-19.6%, very-large ES), MSD (-24.8%, very-large ES), HSD (-25.1%, moderate ES), VHSD (-25.5%, moderate ES), and DC at sprint (-30.6%, moderate ES) over the course of the 10-weeks period in comparison with the players with greater participation in official games. The present study demonstrated that spikes in the ACWR were not related to a subsequent injury occurrence in professional soccer players. Differences in participation in official games caused significant imbalances in the chronic external loads between players in a squad, which should be minimized in training sessions in order to prevent substantial changes in workload for those who usually do not play.
本研究旨在确定急性与慢性工作量比值（ACWR）的峰值是否与损伤发生率相关，并研究因比赛暴露程度高低导致的外部负荷差异以及慢性赛季期间负荷的长期影响。本研究招募了15名隶属于一家欧洲冠军联赛俱乐部球队的职业足球运动员。使用全球定位系统（GPS）评估所有运动员的外部训练和比赛负荷。我们计算了连续10个竞争性微周期的非耦合ACWR。通过缺勤天数来识别和确定损伤情况。使用线性混合模型方法确定外部负荷的差异。除了进行零假设检验外，还计算了效应量。13名未受伤的运动员多次超过ACWR>1.5的临界阈值。这相当于1名运动员在总距离（TD）方面超过ACWR临界阈值，2名运动员在中等速度以上覆盖距离（MSD）方面超过ACWR临界阈值，2名运动员在高速以上覆盖距离（HSD）方面超过ACWR临界阈值，2名运动员在极高速以上覆盖距离（VHSD）方面超过ACWR临界阈值，以及2名运动员在每周冲刺距离（DC）方面超过ACWR临界阈值。一名运动员经历了非接触性肌肉拉伤，另一名运动员经历了表现为脑震荡的接触性损伤；两名运动员在损伤事件发生前4周内的ACWR均<1.5。与参加正式比赛较多的球员相比，参加正式比赛较少的球员在10周期间的TD（-19.6%，非常大的效应量）、MSD（-24.8%，非常大的效应量）、HSD（-25.1%，中等效应量）、VHSD（-25.5%，中等效应量）和冲刺DC（-30.6%，中等效应量）较低。本研究表明，ACWR的峰值与职业足球运动员随后的损伤发生无关。参加正式比赛的差异导致球队中球员之间慢性外部负荷出现显著不平衡，在训练课中应尽量减少这种不平衡，以防止那些通常不参赛的球员工作量发生大幅变化。
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