2541Monash University.
2080La Trobe University.
J Holist Nurs. 2021 Mar;39(1):66-84. doi: 10.1177/0898010120923419. Epub 2020 May 25.
Nurses have a critical role in providing holistic care for people with life-limiting conditions. However, they experience internal moral conflict and powerlessness when patients request them to assist in the dying process. A scoping review was undertaken to determine what is known about nurses' perceptions and attitudes of euthanasia. Several databases were searched that yielded both qualitative and quantitative primary peer-reviewed research studies that focused on nurses, their perceptions and attitudes about euthanasia. Descriptive and explorative analyses of the data set from the research studies were undertaken. A total of 23 studies were included in the review. Opinions about euthanasia were mixed. Two key concepts emerged from the review: some nurses were positive and/or supportive of euthanasia, while some were negative and/or unsupportive of euthanasia. The main factors associated with being positive and/or supportive were because of (a) extreme uncontrollable pain, unbearable suffering, or other distressing experiences of the patient, (b) legality of euthanasia, and (c) right of the patient to die. The factors that determined nurses' negative and/or unsupportive attitude included (a) religion, (b) moral/ethical dilemmas, (c) role of gender of the health professional, and, (d) poor palliative care. The matter of euthanasia has challenged nurses considerably in their aim to deliver holistic care. There were several crucial factors influencing nurses' perceptions and attitudes, and these were affected by their personal, professional and transpersonal perspectives. The potential implications to nurses relate to education, practice, and research. Nurses need to be informed of existing legislation and provided in-depth education and professional guidelines to help direct action. Further research is needed to explore the impact on nurses' emotional well-being, clarify their role/s and determine the support they might require when involved with euthanasia.
护士在为生命末期患者提供全面护理方面发挥着关键作用。然而，当患者请求他们协助临终过程时，他们会经历内心的道德冲突和无能为力。本研究进行了范围综述，以确定有关护士对安乐死的看法和态度的已知信息。 对几个数据库进行了搜索，这些数据库产生了专注于护士、他们对安乐死的看法和态度的定性和定量主要同行评审研究。对研究中数据的描述性和探索性分析。 共有 23 项研究纳入综述。对安乐死的看法不一。综述中出现了两个关键概念：一些护士对安乐死持积极和/或支持态度，而另一些护士对安乐死持消极和/或不支持态度。与积极和/或支持态度相关的主要因素是：(a) 患者极度无法控制的疼痛、无法忍受的痛苦或其他痛苦经历；(b) 安乐死的合法性；(c) 患者死亡的权利。决定护士持消极和/或不支持态度的因素包括：(a) 宗教；(b) 道德/伦理困境；(c) 卫生专业人员的性别角色；以及(d) 姑息治疗不足。 安乐死问题对护士提供全面护理的目标提出了相当大的挑战。有几个关键因素影响了护士的看法和态度，这些因素受到他们个人、专业和超个人观点的影响。这对护士的潜在影响涉及教育、实践和研究。需要向护士通报现行立法，并提供深入的教育和专业准则，以帮助指导行动。需要进一步研究，以探讨其对护士的情绪健康的影响，阐明他们的角色/并确定他们在涉及安乐死时可能需要的支持。
