Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Sports Biomech. 2023 Jun;22(6):715-727. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2020.1757142. Epub 2020 May 24.
Softball is the third most popular women's collegiate sport in the United States, with 19,680 total athletes as of the 2015-2016 season. Despite its popularity and growth in recent years, research focusing on the biomechanics of the windmill pitch and its associated shoulder injuries is relatively scarce. The incidence of shoulder injury is highest during the preseason and the beginning of the regular season. The windmill pitch can be divided into distinct phases, with the shoulder experiencing the greatest force during the delivery phase. Significant demands placed on the shoulder during the windmill pitch put pitchers at a higher risk of developing shoulder injuries than position players. Maximum shoulder compression/distraction forces during the windmill pitch have been shown to be comparable to those experienced during the baseball overhand throw, dispelling the myth that the windmill pitch is not taxing on the shoulder. Injuries associated with the high compression/distraction forces include lesions to the rotator cuff, glenoid labrum, and biceps brachii. Pitcher-specific training, cross-training, and whole-body conditioning should be incorporated into current training regimens to decrease the risk of shoulder injuries.
垒球是美国第三大受欢迎的女子大学运动项目，截至 2015-2016 赛季，共有 19680 名运动员。尽管近年来越来越受欢迎和发展，但专注于风车投球的生物力学及其相关肩部损伤的研究相对较少。肩部损伤的发生率在 preseason 和常规赛开始时最高。风车投球可以分为不同的阶段，在投球阶段肩部承受的力最大。由于风车投球对肩部的要求很高，投手比位置球员更容易发生肩部损伤。在风车投球过程中，肩部受到的最大压缩/拉伸力与棒球过肩投掷时所经历的力相当，这消除了风车投球对肩部没有影响的误解。与高压缩/拉伸力相关的损伤包括肩袖、盂唇和肱二头肌损伤。应将针对投手的专项训练、交叉训练和全身训练纳入当前的训练方案中，以降低肩部受伤的风险。
