Department of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Norway.
Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Norway.
Scand J Public Health. 2021 Mar;49(2):176-187. doi: 10.1177/1403494820917507. Epub 2020 May 24.
The study objectives were to provide a quantitative description of work participation among young adults, and to outline the relations between work participation and social, educational and health-related characteristics throughout the life-course. We collected data in several national registries for all 318,705 individuals born in Norway 1967-1971 who were national residents on 1 January 1993. The criterion for work was annual occupational income above the boundary which identifies the core workforce. We analysed associations between social, educational and health-related characteristics, and the number of years at work and the risk of never working during 19 years of follow-up (1993-2011; age 22-44 years). The overall work participation was high, with a median of 14 years and a 0.074 risk of never working. Women worked fewer years than men (medians 11 v. 16 years) and had higher risk of never working (0.103 v. 0.047). Combined educational and health problems before 1993 had a strong influence on subsequent work participation. The educational gradient in risks of never working was considerably stronger for women than for men. Diagnostic groups of mental disorders had high risks of never working, ranging from affective (risk 0.150) and stress-related disorders (risk 0.163) to intellectual disability (risk 0.933).
研究目的在于提供年轻人工作参与度的量化描述，并概述整个生命历程中工作参与度与社会、教育和健康相关特征之间的关系。我们从多个国家登记处收集了所有 1967 年至 1971 年出生、1993 年 1 月 1 日时为挪威居民的 318705 个人的数据。工作的标准是每年的职业收入超过界定核心劳动力的界限。我们分析了社会、教育和健康相关特征与工作年限之间的关联，以及在 19 年的随访期间（1993-2011 年；22-44 岁）从未工作的风险。整体工作参与度较高，中位数为 14 年，从未工作的风险为 0.074。女性工作年限少于男性（中位数分别为 11 年和 16 年），从未工作的风险更高（分别为 0.103 和 0.047）。1993 年前的综合教育和健康问题对随后的工作参与度有很大影响。女性从未工作的风险与教育程度之间的梯度差异比男性大得多。精神障碍的诊断类别从未工作的风险很高，从情感障碍（风险 0.150）和与压力相关的障碍（风险 0.163）到智力残疾（风险 0.933）不等。
