成长过程中面临躯体性长期健康挑战对完成学业、NEET 状态和残疾抚恤金的影响：一项基于人群的纵向研究。
Impact of growing up with somatic long-term health challenges on school completion, NEET status and disability pension: a population-based longitudinal study.
机构信息
Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
Divison of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2021 Mar 16;21(1):514. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10538-w.
BACKGROUND
Young adulthood is an important transitional life phase that can determine a person's educational and employment trajectories. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of somatic long-term health challenges in adolescence on upper secondary school completion, not in education, employment or training (NEET status) and receiving disability pension in early adulthood. Additional disparities in educational and employment achievements were also investigated in relation to socioeconomic background.
METHODS
The sample consisted of all young adults born in the period 1990 to 1996, (N = 421,110). Data were obtained from the Norwegian Patient Registry which is linked to the Central Population Register, education and income registries and the Historical Event Database in Statistics Norway. These data sources provide longitudinal population data. Statistical analyses were performed using multiple logistic regression and computed average marginal effects after the multiple logistic regression.
RESULTS
The results showed that, compared to young adults without long-term health challenges, young adults with the diagnoses inflammatory bowel disease, epilepsy, diabetes, sensory impairment, spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), spina bifida (SB) and cerebral palsy (CP) had lower odds of completing upper secondary education. Moreover, young adults with long-term health challenges had higher odds of NEET status by age 21 compared to those without a long-term health challenge. As for the odds of NEET status by age 21, the results showed that young adults with epilepsy, SMA, SB and CP in particular had the highest odds of receiving disability pension compared to young adults without long-term health challenges.
CONCLUSIONS
This longitudinal study revealed that on average young adults with long-term health challenges, compared to those without, struggle to participate in education and employment. The findings highlight the need for preventive measures especially in relation to young adults with neurological conditions such as epilepsy, SMA, SB, and CP.
背景
青年期是一个重要的过渡人生阶段，它可以决定一个人的教育和就业轨迹。本研究旨在探讨青少年时期的躯体性长期健康挑战对中学后完成学业、非正规教育、就业或培训（NEET 状态）以及在成年早期领取残疾抚恤金的影响。此外，还研究了与社会经济背景相关的教育和就业成就方面的额外差异。
方法
该样本由出生于 1990 年至 1996 年期间的所有青年成年人组成（N=421,110）。数据来自挪威患者登记处，该登记处与中央人口登记处、教育和收入登记处以及挪威统计局的历史事件数据库相连，这些数据源提供了纵向人口数据。使用多逻辑回归和多逻辑回归后的平均边际效应进行统计分析。
结果
结果表明，与没有长期健康挑战的青年成年人相比，患有炎症性肠病、癫痫、糖尿病、感觉障碍、脊髓性肌萎缩症（SMA）、脊柱裂（SB）和脑瘫（CP）等疾病的青年成年人完成中学后教育的可能性较低。此外，与没有长期健康挑战的青年成年人相比，患有长期健康挑战的青年成年人在 21 岁时处于 NEET 状态的可能性更高。至于 21 岁时处于 NEET 状态的可能性，结果表明，患有癫痫、SMA、SB 和 CP 的青年成年人比没有长期健康挑战的青年成年人更有可能领取残疾抚恤金。
结论
这项纵向研究表明，与没有长期健康挑战的青年成年人相比，患有长期健康挑战的青年成年人平均而言在参与教育和就业方面存在困难。研究结果强调需要采取预防措施，特别是针对患有癫痫、SMA、SB 和 CP 等神经疾病的青年成年人。
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