University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine.
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2020 Jul 1;30(4):264-271. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2019-0299. Epub 2020 May 25.
This study determined normative data for sweat rate (SR) and whole-body (WB) sweat sodium concentration [Na+] in athletes indigenous to a tropical climate, categorized by age, gender, and sport classification. We analyzed data from 556 athletes (386 adult and 170 young) in endurance (END), team/ball (TBA), and combat (COM) sports exercising in tropical environments (wet bulb globe temperature = 29.4 ± 2.1 °C). SR was calculated from change in body weight corrected for urine output and fluid/food intake. Sweat was collected using absorbent patches, and regional [Na+] was determined using an ion selective analyzer and normalized to WB sweat [Na+]. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. SR was higher in males compared with females in both young (24.2 ± 7.7 ml·kg-1·hr-1 vs. 16.7 ± 5.7 ml·kg-1·hr-1) and adult (22.8 ± 7.4 ml·kg-1·hr-1 vs. 18.6 ± 7.0 ml·kg-1·hr-1) athletes, in END sports in girls (END = 19.1 ± 6.0 ml·kg-1·hr-1; TBA = 14.6 ± 4.5 ml·kg-1·hr-1), and in adult males (END = 25.2 ± 6.3 ml·kg-1·hr-1; TBA = 19.1 ± 7.2 ml·kg-1·hr-1; COM = 18.4 ± 8.5 ml·kg-1·hr-1) and females (END = 23.5 ± 5.6 ml·kg-1·hr-1; TBA = 14.2 ± 5.2 ml·kg-1·hr-1; COM = 15.3 ± 5.2 ml·kg-1·hr-1); p < .05. WB sweat [Na+] was higher in adult athletes than in young athletes (43 ± 10 mmol/L vs. 40 ± 9 mmol/L, p < .05). These norms provide a reference range for low, low average, average high, and high SR and WB sweat [Na+], which serve as a guide for fluid replacement for athletes who live and train in the tropics.
本研究确定了热带气候下运动员的出汗率（SR）和全身汗钠浓度[Na+]的正常值，按年龄、性别和运动分类。我们分析了来自 556 名运动员（386 名成年和 170 名年轻运动员）的耐力（END）、团队/球类（TBA）和战斗（COM）运动在热带环境下的运动数据（湿球 globe 温度=29.4±2.1°C）。SR 是通过尿液输出、液体/食物摄入校正后的体重变化计算得出的。汗液是用吸收垫收集的，区域[Na+]使用离子选择性分析仪测定，并归一化为 WB 汗液[Na+]。数据以平均值±标准差表示。男性的 SR 高于女性，在年轻运动员（24.2±7.7ml·kg-1·hr-1 vs. 16.7±5.7ml·kg-1·hr-1）和成年运动员（22.8±7.4ml·kg-1·hr-1 vs. 18.6±7.0ml·kg-1·hr-1）中，在女孩的 END 运动（END=19.1±6.0ml·kg-1·hr-1；TBA=14.6±4.5ml·kg-1·hr-1）和成年男性（END=25.2±6.3ml·kg-1·hr-1；TBA=19.1±7.2ml·kg-1·hr-1；COM=18.4±8.5ml·kg-1·hr-1）和女性（END=23.5±5.6ml·kg-1·hr-1；TBA=14.2±5.2ml·kg-1·hr-1；COM=15.3±5.2ml·kg-1·hr-1）中均如此，p<0.05。成年运动员的 WB 汗液[Na+]高于年轻运动员（43±10mmol/L vs. 40±9mmol/L，p<0.05）。这些正常值为低、低平均、平均高和高 SR 和 WB 汗液[Na+]提供了一个参考范围，为生活和训练在热带地区的运动员提供了液体补充指南。
