Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
J Nutr. 2020 Aug 1;150(8):2016-2022. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxaa136.
The determinants of the intake of high-fat products are not well understood.
The aim of this study was to examine the relations between fat perception, intake of high-fat food, and body-weight status, taking into account the polymorphism of the genes that encode the proteins involved in oral fat perception.
A total of 421 participants aged 20-40 y were enrolled in Poznań, Poland, from 2016 to 2018. An ascending forced-choice triangle procedure was applied to determine fat discrimination ability. Salad dressings with varying concentrations of canola oil were used as stimuli. Genotyping of rs1761667 (CD36) rs1573611 [free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1)], rs17108973 [free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4)], and rs2274333 (CA6) was performed using TaqMan probes. The frequency of consumption of high-fat foods was measured using an application for mobile devices that uses the ecological momentary assessment approach. The associations were analyzed using linear regression or logistic regression, as appropriate.
Individuals with the GG CD36 genotype were twice as likely to be fat discriminators, compared with the A allele carriers (P < 0.05). The mean total consumption of high-fat food was 45.8 (44.6, 47.0) times/wk and was not associated with fat discrimination or body-weight status. Obese and overweight subjects ate healthy high-fat food less frequently than did participants with normal body weight, at 4.53 (3.83, 5.23) versus 6.68 (5.82, 7.55) times/wk, respectively (P < 0.001). Men ate sweet high-fat food and snacks 15% less frequently than did women (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05) but consumed high-fat meat and fast food almost 40% more often than did women (P < 0.001 for both associations).
In individuals aged 20-40 y, fat discrimination ability is associated with polymorphism of CD36 but not with the choice of high-fat food. The frequency of consumption of different types of high-fat foods varies by sex and body-weight status.
高脂肪产品摄入的决定因素尚不清楚。
本研究旨在检查脂肪感知、高脂肪食物摄入与体重状况之间的关系，同时考虑到编码口腔脂肪感知相关蛋白的基因多态性。
2016 年至 2018 年，在波兰波兹南招募了 421 名 20-40 岁的参与者。采用递增强迫选择三角形程序来确定脂肪辨别能力。使用不同浓度菜籽油的沙拉酱作为刺激物。使用 TaqMan 探针对 rs1761667（CD36）rs1573611[游离脂肪酸受体 1（FFAR1）]、rs17108973[游离脂肪酸受体 4（FFAR4）]和 rs2274333（CA6）进行基因分型。使用移动设备上的应用程序，采用生态瞬间评估方法测量高脂肪食物的消费频率。使用线性回归或逻辑回归分析关联，具体取决于情况。
与 A 等位基因携带者相比，GG CD36 基因型个体更有可能成为脂肪辨别者（P < 0.05）。高脂肪食物的平均总摄入量为 45.8（44.6，47.0）次/周，与脂肪辨别或体重状况无关。肥胖和超重受试者比体重正常的受试者较少食用健康的高脂肪食物，分别为 4.53（3.83，5.23）和 6.68（5.82，7.55）次/周（P < 0.001）。男性比女性少吃 15%的甜食和零食（P < 0.001 和 P < 0.05），但比女性多吃近 40%的高脂肪肉类和快餐（这两种关联均 P < 0.001）。
在 20-40 岁的个体中，脂肪辨别能力与 CD36 的多态性相关，但与高脂肪食物的选择无关。不同类型高脂肪食物的消费频率因性别和体重状况而异。
