Zhou Xueying, Hohman Alexandra, Hsu Walter H
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2020 Jun 15;256(12):1342-1346. doi: 10.2460/javma.256.12.1342.
Amitraz is presently the only FDA-approved treatment for demodicosis in dogs in the United States. Amitraz treatment involves a protracted course of administration and risks of severe adverse effects such as sedation, bradycardia, and respiratory depression, which are caused by activation of α-adrenergic receptors. Other treatment options include macrocyclic lactones and lime sulfur, but these products have varied efficacy and high risks of adverse effects. Several recent studies have indicated that isoxazolines are capable of reducing mite counts in canine and feline patients with demodicosis by ≥ 99% in as little as 1 month with few adverse effects. This article reviews the status of isoxazolines in regard to labeled uses in dogs and cats in the United States, extralabel clinical use for treatment of demodicosis in these species, and safety of orally administered formulations of these drugs.
在美国，双甲脒是目前唯一获得美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准用于治疗犬蠕形螨病的药物。双甲脒治疗需要长期给药，且存在严重不良反应的风险，如镇静、心动过缓和呼吸抑制，这些都是由α-肾上腺素能受体激活引起的。其他治疗选择包括大环内酯类和石硫合剂，但这些产品疗效各异且不良反应风险高。最近的几项研究表明，异恶唑啉类药物能够在短短1个月内将患有蠕形螨病的犬猫患者体内的螨虫数量减少≥99%，且几乎没有不良反应。本文综述了异恶唑啉类药物在美国犬猫标记用途方面的现状、这些物种治疗蠕形螨病的超说明书临床应用以及这些药物口服制剂的安全性。
