Parras Carlos, Marie Corentine, Zhao Chuntao, Lu Qing Richard
Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, ICM, Paris, France.
Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Glia. 2020 Aug;68(8):1604-1618. doi: 10.1002/glia.23837. Epub 2020 May 27.
Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells in the vertebrate central nervous system, produce myelin sheaths to enable saltatory propagation of action potentials. The process of oligodendrocyte myelination entails a stepwise progression from precursor specification to differentiation, which is coordinated by a series of transcriptional and chromatin remodeling events. ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes, which utilize ATP as an energy source to control chromatin dynamics and regulate the accessibility of chromatin to transcriptional regulators, are critical for oligodendrocyte lineage development and regeneration. In this review, we focus on the latest insights into the spatial and temporal specificity of chromatin remodelers during oligodendrocyte development, myelinogenesis, and regeneration. We will also bring together various plausible mechanisms by which lineage specific transcriptional regulators coordinate with chromatin remodeling factors for programming genomic landscapes to specifically modulate these different processes during developmental myelination and remyelination upon injury.
少突胶质细胞是脊椎动物中枢神经系统中的髓鞘形成细胞，可产生髓鞘以实现动作电位的跳跃式传导。少突胶质细胞髓鞘形成过程包括从前体细胞特化到分化的逐步进展，这一过程由一系列转录和染色质重塑事件协调。依赖ATP的染色质重塑酶利用ATP作为能量来源来控制染色质动态并调节染色质对转录调节因子的可及性，对少突胶质细胞谱系发育和再生至关重要。在本综述中，我们重点关注染色质重塑因子在少突胶质细胞发育、髓鞘形成和再生过程中的时空特异性的最新见解。我们还将汇集各种合理的机制，通过这些机制，谱系特异性转录调节因子与染色质重塑因子协同作用，对基因组景观进行编程，以在发育性髓鞘形成和损伤后的髓鞘再生过程中特异性调节这些不同过程。
