Zmitrovich Ivan V, Belova Nina V, Psurtseva Nadezhda V, Wasser Solomon P
Laboratory of Systematics and Geography of the Fungi of the Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popova St. 2, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia.
Laboratory of Fungal Biochemistry, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Professor Popov St., St. Petersburg 197376, Russia.
Int J Med Mushrooms. 2019;21(12):1241-1247. doi: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2019033047.
The brown roll-rim mushroom (Paxillus involutus) quickly produces biomass in nature, although, being a mycorrhizal fungus, it is rather poorly maintained in culture. Information about its toxic properties is controversial. Until the mid-20th century, the species was considered as an edible fungus; however, data later accumulated regarding its poisonous properties, leading to the term "Paxillus syndromeP. involutus. Since mushrooms can have quite a few unidentified antigens complementary to B-lymphocyte receptors, this is a hidden danger of using unfractionated mushroom raw materials for preventive and oncotherapy purposes, and we hope that this article stimulates immunological groups worldwide to identify the "X" antigen related to the Paxillus syndrome. Oncotherapy effects of the known bioactive complexes of P. involutus are associated with a specific inhibition of some growth receptors of the cancer cell, whereas experimentation with purified substances of P. involutus and various families of growth receptors of cancer cell has good prospects. A clear speciation is fixing within the P. involutus complex. The key for identification of species of P. involutus complex is given and cultural characteristics of P. involutus strains kept at Komarov Botanical Institute Basidiomycetes Culture Collection are presented.
褐环粘盖牛肝菌（Paxillus involutus）在自然界中能快速产生生物量，不过，作为一种菌根真菌，它在培养中较难维持。关于其毒性的信息存在争议。直到20世纪中叶，该物种都被视为可食用真菌；然而，后来积累了关于其有毒特性的数据，导致出现了“褐环粘盖牛肝菌综合征”这一术语。由于蘑菇可能有相当多未鉴定的与B淋巴细胞受体互补的抗原，这是将未分级的蘑菇原料用于预防和肿瘤治疗目的的一个隐患，我们希望本文能促使全球的免疫学团队鉴定与褐环粘盖牛肝菌综合征相关的“X”抗原。已知的褐环粘盖牛肝菌生物活性复合物的肿瘤治疗作用与对癌细胞某些生长受体的特异性抑制有关，而对褐环粘盖牛肝菌纯化物质与癌细胞各种生长受体家族的实验有良好前景。在褐环粘盖牛肝菌复合体中正在确定明确的物种分类。给出了鉴定褐环粘盖牛肝菌复合体物种的关键，并介绍了保存在科马罗夫植物研究所担子菌培养物保藏中心的褐环粘盖牛肝菌菌株的培养特性。
