Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud (INCIENSA), Apartado Postal 4-2250, Tres Ríos, Cartago, Costa Rica.
Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21046, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Sep 10;734:139365. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139365. Epub 2020 May 13.
Mosquito-borne infections often have concerted peaks, or are synchronous, across landscapes. This phenomenon might be driven by vector responses to similar environmental conditions that synchronize their abundance. While adult mosquito populations can be synchronous over spatial scales ranging from a few meters to a few kilometers, little to nothing is known about immature mosquito synchrony, including its relationship with mosquito colonization and persistence in larval habitats. Here, we present results from a 2-yearlong synchrony study in co-occurring populations of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse), Aedes (Stegomyia) flavopictus Yamada and Aedes (Finlaya) japonicus japonicus (Theobald), three invasive mosquito species, along an urban altitudinal gradient in Japan. We found that Ae. albopictus was asynchronous while Ae. flavopictus and Ae. j. japonicus had synchrony that, respectively, tracked geographic and altitudinal patterns of temperature correlation. Spatially, Ae. albopictus was more persistent at hotter locations near urban land use, while Ae. j. japonicus and Ae. flavopictus increasingly persisted farther away from urban land. Temporally, Ae. albopicus and Ae. flavopictus decreased the proportion of colonized habitats following variable rainfall, while Ae. j. japonicus increased with vegetation growth and leptokurtic temperatures. Our results support the hypothesis that immature mosquito synchrony is autonomous from dispersal and driven by common environmental conditions.
蚊媒传染病通常在景观上具有协同高峰或同步性。这种现象可能是由蚊子对相似环境条件的反应所驱动的，这些条件使它们的丰度同步。虽然成年蚊子种群在几到几百公里的空间尺度上可以同步，但对不成熟蚊子的同步性知之甚少，包括它与蚊子在幼虫栖息地的殖民和持续存在的关系。在这里，我们展示了在日本城市海拔梯度上共存的三种入侵蚊子物种——白纹伊蚊（Stegomyia）、埃及伊蚊（Stegomyia）和日本伊蚊（Finlaya）——的两年同步性研究结果。我们发现，白纹伊蚊是异步的，而埃及伊蚊和日本伊蚊具有同步性，分别跟踪温度相关性的地理和海拔模式。在空间上，白纹伊蚊在城市土地利用附近较热的地方更持久，而日本伊蚊和埃及伊蚊则越来越远离城市土地。在时间上，白纹伊蚊和埃及伊蚊随着降雨量的变化减少了已殖民栖息地的比例，而日本伊蚊随着植被生长和尖峰温度的增加而增加。我们的结果支持了这样一种假设，即不成熟蚊子的同步性是自主的，不受扩散的影响，而是由共同的环境条件驱动的。
