Chaves Luis Fernando
Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET), Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Apartado Postal 304-3000, Heredia, Costa Rica.
Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Sakamoto 1-12-4, Nagasaki, Japan.
J Med Entomol. 2017 Mar 1;54(2):329-339. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjw184.
Patterns of mosquito spatial persistence and temporal presence, as well as synchrony, i.e., the degree of concerted fluctuations in abundance, have been scarcely studied at finely grained spatial scales and over altitudinal gradients. Here, we present a spatial persistence, temporal presence, and synchrony analysis of four common mosquito species across the altitudinal gradient of Mt. Konpira in Nagasaki, Japan. We found that Aedes albopictus (Skuse) was more frequently found at the mountain base. In contrast, Aedes japonicus (Theobald) and Aedes flavopictus Yamada were common higher in the mountain, while Armigeres subalbatus (Coquillet) was uniformly present across the mountain, yet less frequently than the other species during the studied period. Our analysis showed that these spatial heterogeneities were associated with differences in landscape and microclimatic elements of Mt. Konpira. Temporally we found that presence across sampling locations was mainly synchronous across the four species and positively associated with rainfall and temperature. With the exception of Ae albopictus, where no significant synchrony was observed, mosquito species mainly showed flat synchrony profiles in Mt. Konpira when looking at the geographic (2-D) distance between their sampling locations. By contrast, when synchrony was studied across altitude, it was observed that Ae. flavopictus tracked the temperature synchrony pattern, decreasing its synchrony with the separation in altitude between sampling locations. Finally, our results suggest that differences in mosquito species persistence, temporal presence, and synchrony might be useful to understand the entomological risk of vector-borne disease transmission in urban landscapes.
蚊子的空间持久性和时间出现模式，以及同步性，即数量上协同波动的程度，在精细的空间尺度和海拔梯度上很少被研究。在这里，我们对日本长崎县金毗罗山海拔梯度上的四种常见蚊子进行了空间持久性、时间出现情况和同步性分析。我们发现白纹伊蚊（Skuse）在山脚下更为常见。相比之下，日本伊蚊（Theobald）和黄色伊蚊山田亚种在山上更高的地方较为常见，而骚扰阿蚊（Coquillet）在整座山上都有出现，但在所研究期间出现的频率低于其他物种。我们的分析表明，这些空间异质性与金毗罗山的景观和微气候要素差异有关。在时间上，我们发现四个物种在采样地点的出现情况主要是同步的，并且与降雨和温度呈正相关。除了未观察到显著同步性的白纹伊蚊外，当观察采样地点之间的地理（二维）距离时，蚊子物种在金毗罗山主要呈现出平缓的同步性分布。相比之下，当研究海拔高度上的同步性时，观察到黄色伊蚊跟踪温度同步模式，随着采样地点之间海拔差异的增加，其同步性降低。最后，我们的结果表明，蚊子物种在持久性、时间出现情况和同步性方面的差异可能有助于理解城市景观中病媒传播疾病传播的昆虫学风险。
