Sivamaruthi Bhagavathi Sundaram, Kesika Periyanaina, Chaiyasut Chaiyavat
Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Foods. 2020 May 26;9(6):687. doi: 10.3390/foods9060687.
Anthocyanins are water-soluble plant pigments, and based on their chemical structure (nature, position, and the number of sugar moieties attached; the number of hydroxyl groups; acylation of sugars with acids) about 635 different anthocyanins have been identified and reported from plants. Cyanidin, peonidin, pelargonidin, petunidin, and malvidin are the commonly found anthocyanidins (aglycon forms of anthocyanins) in edible plants out of almost 25 anthocyanidins that are identified (based on the position of methoxyl and hydroxyl groups in the rings) in nature. Anthocyanins are known for numerous health benefits including anti-diabetes, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory bowel disease, anti-cancer, etc. Obesity can be defined as excessive or abnormal adipose tissue and body mass, which increases the risk of developing chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, etc. The manuscript summarizes the recent updates in the effects of anthocyanins supplementation on the health status of obese subjects, and briefly the results of in vitro and in vivo studies. Several studies confirmed that the consumption of anthocyanins-rich food improved obesity-associated dysbiosis in gut microbiota and inflammation in adipose tissue. Anthocyanin consumption prevents obesity in healthy subjects, and aids in maintaining or reducing the body weight of obese subjects, also improving the metabolism and energy balance. Though preclinical studies proved the beneficial effects of anthocyanins such as the fact that daily intake of anthocyanin rich fruits and vegetables might aid weight maintenance in every healthy individual, Juҫara pulp might control the inflammatory status of obesity, Queen garnet plum juice reduced the blood pressure and risk factors associated with metabolic disorders, and highbush organic blueberries improved the metabolism of obese individuals, we don't have an established treatment procedure to prevent or manage the over-weight condition and its comorbidities. Thus, further studies on the optimum dose, duration, and mode of supplementation of anthocyanins are required to develop an anthocyanins-based clinical procedure.
花青素是水溶性植物色素，根据其化学结构（性质、位置以及连接的糖基数量；羟基数量；糖与酸的酰化作用），已从植物中鉴定并报道了约635种不同的花青素。矢车菊素、芍药色素、天竺葵素、矮牵牛素和锦葵色素是可食用植物中常见的花青素苷元（花青素的苷元形式），自然界中已鉴定出近25种花青素苷元（基于环中甲氧基和羟基的位置）。花青素因对健康有诸多益处而闻名，包括抗糖尿病、抗肥胖、抗炎性肠病、抗癌等。肥胖可定义为过多或异常的脂肪组织和体重，这会增加患糖尿病、心血管疾病、癌症等慢性疾病的风险。本文总结了补充花青素对肥胖受试者健康状况影响的最新进展，并简要介绍了体外和体内研究的结果。多项研究证实，食用富含花青素的食物可改善肥胖相关的肠道微生物群失调和脂肪组织炎症。摄入花青素可预防健康受试者肥胖，有助于维持或减轻肥胖受试者的体重，还能改善新陈代谢和能量平衡。尽管临床前研究证明了花青素的有益作用，例如每天摄入富含花青素的水果和蔬菜可能有助于每个健康个体维持体重，巴西蒲桃果肉可能控制肥胖的炎症状态，皇后石榴李汁可降低血压和与代谢紊乱相关的风险因素，高灌木有机蓝莓可改善肥胖个体的新陈代谢，但我们尚未建立预防或管理超重状况及其合并症的既定治疗程序。因此，需要进一步研究花青素的最佳剂量、持续时间和补充方式，以制定基于花青素的临床程序。
