Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Lévis, Quebec, Canada.
Occup Environ Med. 2020 Sep;77(9):603-610. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2019-106242. Epub 2020 May 28.
Women have a higher incidence of mental health problems compared with men. Psychosocial stressors at work are associated with mental health problems. However, few prospective studies have examined the association between these stressors and objectively measured outcomes of mental health. Moreover, evidence regarding potential differences between women and men in this association is scarce and inconsistent. This study investigates whether psychosocial stressors at work are associated with the 7.5-year incidence of medically certified work absence due to a mental health problem, separately for women and men.
Data from a prospective cohort of white-collar workers in Canada (n=7138; 47.3% women) were used. We performed Cox regression models to examine the prospective association between self-reported psychosocial stressors at work (job strain model) at baseline and the 7.5-year HR of medically certified work absence of ≥5 days due to a mental health problem.
During follow-up, 11.9% of participants had a certified work absence, with a twofold higher incidence among women. Women (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.93) and men (HR 1.41, 95% CI 0.97 to 2.05) exposed to high strain (high demands and low control) had a higher incidence of work absence compared with those unexposed. Among women only, those exposed to an active job situation (high demands and high control) also had a higher risk (HR 1.82, 95% CI 1.29 to 2.56).
Prevention efforts aimed at reducing psychosocial stressors at work could help lower the risk of work absence for both women and men. However, important differences between women and men need to be further studied in order to orient these efforts.
与男性相比，女性心理健康问题的发病率更高。工作中的心理社会压力源与心理健康问题有关。然而，很少有前瞻性研究检查这些压力源与心理健康的客观测量结果之间的关联。此外，关于这种关联在女性和男性之间存在潜在差异的证据很少且不一致。本研究调查了工作中的心理社会压力源是否与女性和男性分别因心理健康问题而导致的 7.5 年缺勤率相关。
使用加拿大白领工人前瞻性队列的数据（n=7138；47.3%为女性）。我们使用 Cox 回归模型来检验基线时自我报告的工作中的心理社会压力源（工作压力模型）与因心理健康问题导致的 7.5 年缺勤率≥5 天的前瞻性关联。
在随访期间，有 11.9%的参与者有经证实的缺勤，女性的发病率高出两倍。与未暴露的人相比，女性（HR 1.40，95%CI 1.01 至 1.93）和男性（HR 1.41，95%CI 0.97 至 2.05）暴露于高压力（高需求和低控制）的人缺勤率更高。仅在女性中，那些处于积极工作状态（高需求和高控制）的人也有更高的风险（HR 1.82，95%CI 1.29 至 2.56）。
旨在减少工作中心理社会压力源的预防措施可能有助于降低女性和男性的缺勤风险。然而，需要进一步研究女性和男性之间的重要差异，以便为这些努力提供指导。
