Shaikh Mehwish Roshan, Haider Ghulam, Memon Paras, Rahool Raja, Nouman Maryum, Beg Shumaila, Meher Khalil, Zahoor Saima, Sami Abdus, Pavan Bhunisha
Department of Medical Oncology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, Pakistan.
J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2020 Jan-Mar;32(1):33-37.
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is malignant neoplasms of myeloid cells categorized by clonal expansion of hematopoietic blasts of myeloid lineage in peripheral blood and bone marrow. The aim of current study is to identify the common cytogenetic abnormalities in AML patients presenting at a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan.
It was a cross-sectional study conducted at the department of Medical oncology of the Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi from Jun 2017- Jan 2019. The non-probability consecutive sampling technique was used to select patients. Total 92 cases of AML of age 15-55 years of either gender were included in the study. The detection of cytogenetic abnormality was done on the bone marrow biopsy. The cytogenetic abnormalities were classified into the three cytogenetic risk groups as favourable, intermediate and unfavourable. For analysis of data SPSS 23 version was used.
The cytogenetic abnormalities were detected in 34 (37%) of the AML patients while 58 (63%) patients had normal cytogenetic. Thirty-two females (34.8%) had a normal cytogenetic (46; XX), and 15 females (16.3%) had various cytogenetic abnormalities. Twenty-six males (28.3%) had normal cytogenetic (46; XY) and 19 males (20.7%) had various cytogenetic abnormalities. Most of the patients were in intermediate risk group (67.4%), followed by favourable (17.4%) and unfavourable risk group (15.2%). The most frequent chromosomal abnormalities observed were complex cytogenetic which was detected in 5 AML patients.
In the present study cytogenetic abnormalities were found in 37% of AML patients. Sixty-seven of the AML patients were in intermediate risk group and five patients had complex cytogenetic. Hence the cytogenetic analysis provides significant information regarding prognosis of AML patients and the cytogenetic abnormalities are less than international literature.
急性髓系白血病（AML）是髓系细胞的恶性肿瘤，其特征是外周血和骨髓中髓系造血母细胞的克隆性扩增。本研究的目的是确定在巴基斯坦一家三级护理医院就诊的AML患者中常见的细胞遗传学异常。
这是一项于2017年6月至2019年1月在卡拉奇真纳研究生医学中心肿瘤内科进行的横断面研究。采用非概率连续抽样技术选取患者。本研究共纳入92例年龄在15 - 55岁的AML患者，男女不限。细胞遗传学异常检测通过骨髓活检进行。细胞遗传学异常被分为三个细胞遗传学风险组：有利、中等和不利。使用SPSS 23版本进行数据分析。
34例（37%）AML患者检测到细胞遗传学异常，而58例（63%）患者细胞遗传学正常。32名女性（34.8%）细胞遗传学正常（46; XX），15名女性（16.3%）有各种细胞遗传学异常。26名男性（28.3%）细胞遗传学正常（46; XY），19名男性（20.7%）有各种细胞遗传学异常。大多数患者处于中等风险组（67.4%），其次是有利风险组（17.4%）和不利风险组（15.2%）。观察到的最常见染色体异常是复杂细胞遗传学异常，在5例AML患者中检测到。
在本研究中，37%的AML患者发现有细胞遗传学异常。67例AML患者处于中等风险组，5例患者有复杂细胞遗传学异常。因此，细胞遗传学分析为AML患者的预后提供了重要信息，且细胞遗传学异常情况少于国际文献报道。
