Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Canada; Department of Environmental Health-T. H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA.
Escuela De Salud Pública, Universidad Autónoma De Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
Accid Anal Prev. 2020 Aug;143:105513. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105513. Epub 2020 May 26.
In May 2014, the Dominican Republic introduced the 911-emergency response system (ERS) in Santo Domingo. Before its introduction, more than 40 phone numbers were available to report emergencies. The objective of this work is to assess whether this new emergency response system was effective in reducing traffic fatalities.
Weekly numbers of traffic fatalities per population and per vehicle fleet from January 2013 to December 2015 were obtained from the Ministry of Health and the National Institute of Statistics. A hybrid time-series difference-in-difference analysis using multivariable negative binomial regression models were used to compare trends in rates of traffic fatalities in Santo Domingo to La Romana and Santiago, before and after the introduction of the 911-ERS.
Estimates from negative binomial models suggest that the introduction of the 911-ERS in Santo Domingo relative to Santiago-La Romana was associated with a 17% reduction in the Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) of traffic fatalities per 1 000 000 population (IRR = 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67; 1.03) and with a 20% reduction in the IRR of weekly traffic fatalities per 1 000 000 vehicle fleet (IRR = 0.80, 95% CI:0.67; 0.99).
Our findings suggest that transitioning from multiple to one unique emergency phone number should be considered more attentively. Furthermore, the case of the Dominican Republic calls for more theoretical and methodological research to understand how to assess these road safety policies more accurately. Since various studies suggest that 911-ERS mature in the long run, how these systems evolve over time and other related variables should be carefully considered.
2014 年 5 月，多米尼加共和国在圣多明各推出了 911 紧急响应系统（ERS）。在推出之前，有超过 40 个电话号码可供报告紧急情况。这项工作的目的是评估新的紧急响应系统是否能有效减少交通事故死亡人数。
从 2013 年 1 月至 2015 年 12 月，从卫生部和国家统计局获取每周每人口和每车辆的交通死亡率数据。采用混合时间序列差分差异分析，使用多变量负二项回归模型，比较圣多明各与拉罗马纳和圣地亚哥在引入 911-ERS 前后的交通死亡率趋势。
负二项模型的估计表明，与圣地亚哥-拉罗马纳相比，圣多明各引入 911-ERS 与每 100 万人口的交通死亡率发生率比（IRR）降低 17%（IRR=0.83，95%置信区间[CI]：0.67；1.03）以及每 100 万辆车辆的交通死亡率每周 IRR 降低 20%（IRR=0.80，95%CI：0.67；0.99）有关。
我们的发现表明，从多个紧急电话号码过渡到一个独特的紧急电话号码应该更慎重考虑。此外，多米尼加共和国的案例呼吁进行更多的理论和方法研究，以了解如何更准确地评估这些道路安全政策。由于各种研究表明 911-ERS 从长远来看会成熟，因此应仔细考虑这些系统随时间的演变以及其他相关变量。
