Bachero-Mena Beatriz, Sánchez-Moreno Miguel, Pareja-Blanco Fernando, Sañudo Borja
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2020 May 29;15(7):997-1004. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0723. Print 2020 Aug 1.
To analyze the acute and short-term physical and metabolic responses to resisted sprint training with 5 different loading conditions (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% body mass).
Fifteen male participants performed 8 × 20-m sprints with 2-minute rests between sprints with 5 different loading conditions. Subjects performed a battery of tests (creatine kinase and lactate concentrations, countermovement jump, 20-m sprint, and isokinetic knee extension and flexion contractions) at 3 different time points (preexercise [PRE], postexercise [POST], and 24-h postexercise [POST24H]).
Results revealed significant increases in blood lactate for all loading conditions; however, as sled loadings increased, higher blood lactate concentrations and increments in sprint times during the training session were observed. Significant increases in creatine kinase concentration were observed from PRE to POST24H for all loading conditions. Concerning physical performance, significant decreases in countermovement-jump height from PRE to POST were found for all loading conditions. In addition, significant decreases in 20-m sprint performance from PRE to POST were observed for 0% (P = .05) and 80% (P = .02). No significant differences with PRE were observed for the physical-performance variables at POST24H, except for 20% load, which induced a significant decrease in mean power during knee flexion (P = .03).
These results suggest that the higher the load used during resisted sprint training, the higher the physical-performance impairments and metabolic response produced, although all loading conditions led to a complete recovery of sprint performance at POST24H.
分析在5种不同负荷条件（0%、20%、40%、60%和80%体重）下进行抗阻冲刺训练的急性和短期身体及代谢反应。
15名男性参与者在5种不同负荷条件下进行8组20米冲刺，每组冲刺之间休息2分钟。受试者在3个不同时间点（运动前[PRE]、运动后[POST]和运动后24小时[POST24H]）进行一系列测试（肌酸激酶和乳酸浓度、反向纵跳、20米冲刺以及等速膝关节屈伸收缩）。
结果显示，所有负荷条件下血乳酸均显著增加；然而，随着雪橇负荷增加，训练期间观察到血乳酸浓度更高，冲刺时间增加。所有负荷条件下，从PRE到POST24H肌酸激酶浓度均显著增加。关于身体性能，所有负荷条件下从PRE到POST反向纵跳高度均显著降低。此外，0%（P = .05）和80%（P = .02）负荷条件下从PRE到POST 20米冲刺性能显著降低。POST24H时，除20%负荷导致膝关节屈曲平均功率显著降低（P = .03）外，身体性能变量与PRE相比无显著差异。
这些结果表明，抗阻冲刺训练期间使用的负荷越高，产生的身体性能损伤和代谢反应越高，尽管所有负荷条件在POST24H时冲刺性能均完全恢复。
