Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
J Psychiatr Res. 2020 Sep;128:1-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.05.019. Epub 2020 May 25.
Prenatal COVID-19 infection is anticipated by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control to affect fetal development similarly to other common respiratory coronaviruses through effects of the maternal inflammatory response on the fetus and placenta. Plasma choline levels were measured at 16 weeks gestation in 43 mothers who had contracted common respiratory viruses during the first 6-16 weeks of pregnancy and 53 mothers who had not. When their infants reached 3 months of age, mothers completed the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (IBQ-R), which assesses their infants' level of activity (Surgency), their fearfulness and sadness (Negativity), and their ability to maintain attention and bond to their parents and caretakers (Regulation). Infants of mothers who had contracted a moderately severe respiratory virus infection and had higher gestational choline serum levels (≥7.5 mM consistent with U.S. Food and Drug Administration dietary recommendations) had significantly increased development of their ability to maintain attention and to bond with their parents (Regulation), compared to infants whose mothers had contracted an infection but had lower choline levels (<7.5 mM). For infants of mothers with choline levels ≥7.5 μM, there was no effect of viral infection on infant IBQ-R Regulation, compared to infants of mothers who were not infected. Higher choline levels obtained through diet or supplements may protect fetal development and support infant early behavioral development even if the mother contracts a viral infection in early gestation when the brain is first being formed.
美国疾病控制与预防中心预计，孕妇感染 COVID-19 会通过母体炎症反应对胎儿和胎盘的影响，导致胎儿发育与其他常见呼吸道冠状病毒相似。在妊娠的前 6-16 周，43 名感染了常见呼吸道病毒的母亲和 53 名未感染的母亲在妊娠 16 周时测量了血浆胆碱水平。当她们的婴儿长到 3 个月大时，母亲们完成了婴儿行为问卷修订版（IBQ-R），该问卷评估了婴儿的活动水平（冲动性）、恐惧和悲伤（消极性），以及他们保持注意力并与父母和照顾者建立联系的能力（调节性）。与母亲感染中度严重呼吸道病毒感染且血清胆碱水平较高（≥7.5 mM，符合美国食品和药物管理局的饮食建议）的婴儿相比，母亲感染但胆碱水平较低（<7.5 mM）的婴儿，其保持注意力和与父母建立联系的能力（调节性）明显增强。对于母亲的胆碱水平≥7.5 μM 的婴儿，病毒感染对婴儿 IBQ-R 调节没有影响，而母亲未感染的婴儿则没有。通过饮食或补充剂获得更高的胆碱水平可能会保护胎儿发育并支持婴儿早期行为发育，即使母亲在大脑开始形成的妊娠早期感染病毒。
