Sharif Yaser, Sadeghi Omid, Benisi-Kohansal Sanaz, Azadbakht Leila, Esmaillzadeh Ahmad
Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Nutr Cancer. 2021;73(5):750-759. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1773874. Epub 2020 Jun 1.
Previous studies on the association between legume and nuts intake and risk of breast cancer have mainly been focused on individual components of legume or nuts, rather than consumption of the whole food group. This study aimed to investigate the relation between legume and nuts intake in relation to breast cancer in Iranian women. In this population-based case-control study, we enrolled 350 pathologically confirmed new cases of breast cancer and 700 controls which were matched with cases in terms of age and socioeconomic status. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated block-format 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Legume intake was computed by summing up the consumption of lentils, peas, chickpeas, and different kinds of beans, including red beans and pinto beans. To calculate nuts consumption, we summed up intake of mixed nuts, almond, peanut, walnut and hazelnut. Data on potential confounding variables were also collected using pre-tested questionnaires. Mean consumption of legume and nuts among cases and controls were 14.7 ± 15.0 and 2.3 ± 5.6, respectively. A significant inverse association was found between legume intake and breast cancer (OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.30-0.57); such that after adjusting for confounders, participants in the top tertile of legume intake had 46% lower odds of breast cancer compared with those in the bottom tertile (OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.36-0.88). Such inverse association was seen among postmenopausal women (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.31-0.85) and also among normal-weight participants (OR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.29-0.82). In terms of nuts intake, it was inversely associated with odds of breast cancer (OR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.11-0.23). This association remained significant even after taking potential confounders into account (OR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.09-0.26). The same association was also seen in premenopausal women (OR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.14-0.31), postmenopausal women (OR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.13-0.42), normal-weight (OR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.08-0.28), and overweight or obese people (OR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.10-0.71). Our findings on the inverse association of legume and nuts intake with odds of breast cancer support the current recommendations on these foods. Prospective studies are needed to further examine this link.
先前关于豆类和坚果摄入量与乳腺癌风险之间关联的研究主要集中在豆类或坚果的单个成分上，而非整个食物组的摄入量。本研究旨在调查伊朗女性豆类和坚果摄入量与乳腺癌之间的关系。在这项基于人群的病例对照研究中，我们纳入了350例经病理确诊的乳腺癌新病例和700名对照，对照在年龄和社会经济地位方面与病例相匹配。使用经过验证的168项块状半定量食物频率问卷评估饮食摄入量。豆类摄入量通过汇总小扁豆、豌豆、鹰嘴豆以及不同种类的豆类（包括红豆和斑豆）的消费量来计算。为了计算坚果消费量，我们汇总了混合坚果、杏仁、花生、核桃和榛子的摄入量。还使用预先测试的问卷收集了潜在混杂变量的数据。病例组和对照组中豆类和坚果的平均消费量分别为14.7±15.0和2.3±5.6。发现豆类摄入量与乳腺癌之间存在显著的负相关（比值比：0.41，95%置信区间：0.30 - 0.57）；在调整混杂因素后，豆类摄入量处于最高三分位数的参与者患乳腺癌的几率比处于最低三分位数的参与者低46%（比值比：0.54，95%置信区间：0.36 - 0.88）。这种负相关在绝经后女性（比值比：0.51，95%置信区间：0.31 - 0.85）以及体重正常的参与者（比值比：0.49，95%置信区间：0.29 - 0.82）中也有体现。就坚果摄入量而言，它与乳腺癌的几率呈负相关（比值比：0.16，95%置信区间：0.11 - 0.23）。即使考虑了潜在的混杂因素，这种关联仍然显著（比值比：0.15，95%置信区间：0.09 - 0.26）。在绝经前女性（比值比：0.21，95%置信区间：0.14 - 0.31）、绝经后女性（比值比：0.23，95%置信区间：0.13 - 0.42）、体重正常者（比值比：0.15，95%置信区间：0.08 - 0.28）以及超重或肥胖人群（比值比：0.27，95%置信区间：0.10 - 0.71）中也观察到了相同的关联。我们关于豆类和坚果摄入量与乳腺癌几率呈负相关的研究结果支持了目前对这些食物的推荐。需要进行前瞻性研究以进一步检验这种联系。
