Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80308, USA.
Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Trends Biochem Sci. 2020 Sep;45(9):764-778. doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.05.002. Epub 2020 May 11.
Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules are RNA-protein assemblies that are involved in multiple aspects of RNA metabolism and are linked to memory, development, and disease. Some RNP granules form, in part, through the formation of intermolecular RNA-RNA interactions. In vitro, such trans RNA condensation occurs readily, suggesting that cells require mechanisms to modulate RNA-based condensation. We assess the mechanisms of RNA condensation and how cells modulate this phenomenon. We propose that cells control RNA condensation through ATP-dependent processes, static RNA buffering, and dynamic post-translational mechanisms. Moreover, perturbations in these mechanisms can be involved in disease. This reveals multiple cellular mechanisms of kinetic and thermodynamic control that maintain the proper distribution of RNA molecules between dispersed and condensed forms.
核糖核蛋白 (RNP) 颗粒是参与 RNA 代谢多个方面的 RNA-蛋白质复合物，与记忆、发育和疾病有关。一些 RNP 颗粒部分通过形成分子间的 RNA-RNA 相互作用形成。在体外，这种跨 RNA 凝聚很容易发生，这表明细胞需要调节基于 RNA 的凝聚的机制。我们评估了 RNA 凝聚的机制以及细胞如何调节这种现象。我们提出，细胞通过 ATP 依赖性过程、静态 RNA 缓冲和动态翻译后机制来控制 RNA 凝聚。此外，这些机制的扰动可能与疾病有关。这揭示了维持 RNA 分子在分散和凝聚形式之间适当分布的多个细胞动力学和热力学控制机制。
