Beger Orhan, Vayisoğlu Yusuf, Akbulut Şuranur, Taghipour Pourya, Çakır Salim, Talas Derya Ümit
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Mersin University, Ciftlikkoy Campus, 33343, Mersin, Turkey.
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
Anat Sci Int. 2020 Sep;95(4):540-547. doi: 10.1007/s12565-020-00551-1. Epub 2020 May 31.
This study aimed to establish an extended morphometric dataset regarding the stapedius muscle for anatomists and otologists. The tympanic cavity of ten cadavers (five females, five males) aged with 75.70 ± 13.75 years was bilaterally dissected. Morphometric properties of the stapedius muscle (i.e., its muscular belly and tendon) and its relationship with the neighborhood structures including the facial nerve was evaluated. The length of the entire stapedius muscle was found as 4.80 ± 1.13 mm. The depth between the entrance of the external auditory canal and stapedius muscle was measured as 18.23 ± 2.30 mm. The incudostapedial joint and stapedial tendon were found to be 1.66 ± 0.25 mm and 1.18 ± 0.19 mm away from the facial nerve, respectively. The stapedial tendon length was standardized as five types: Type 1, extremely short tendon (under 0.5 mm), 5% of cases; Type 2, short tendon (between 0.5 and 1 mm), 30% of cases; Type 3, normal tendon (between 1 and 2 mm), 55% of cases; Type 4, long tendon (between 2 and 2.5 mm), 10% of cases; and Type 5, extremely long tendon (above 2.5 mm), no cases. Our findings showed that the stapedius tendon size in adults was quite similar to fetuses. Therefore, probably entire muscle dimension does not alter after birth. Considering the concordance between direct anatomic (our findings) and radiologic measurements (literature findings) of the stapedius muscle, preoperative radiological evaluation may be important for otologists in terms of the choice of surgical tools such as diamond burr sizes. Due to the lack of standardization regarding the evaluation of the stapedius tendon size (i.e., extremely short or extremely long), we defined the tendons below 0.5 mm as extremely short (Type 1) and above 2.5 mm as extremely long (Type 5).
本研究旨在为解剖学家和耳科医生建立一个关于镫骨肌的扩展形态学数据集。对10具年龄为75.70±13.75岁的尸体（5名女性，5名男性）的双侧鼓室进行了解剖。评估了镫骨肌（即其肌腹和肌腱）的形态学特征及其与包括面神经在内的周围结构的关系。发现镫骨肌全长为4.80±1.13毫米。测量外耳道入口与镫骨肌之间的深度为18.23±2.30毫米。发现砧镫关节和镫骨肌腱分别距面神经1.66±0.25毫米和1.18±0.19毫米。镫骨肌腱长度标准化为五种类型：1型，极短肌腱（小于0.5毫米），占病例的5%；2型，短肌腱（0.5至1毫米之间），占病例的30%；3型，正常肌腱（1至2毫米之间），占病例的55%；4型，长肌腱（2至2.5毫米之间），占病例的10%；5型，极长肌腱（大于2.5毫米），无病例。我们的研究结果表明，成人镫骨肌腱大小与胎儿非常相似。因此，出生后整个肌肉尺寸可能不会改变。考虑到镫骨肌直接解剖测量（我们的研究结果）与放射学测量（文献研究结果）之间的一致性，术前放射学评估对于耳科医生选择手术工具（如金刚石磨头尺寸）可能很重要。由于镫骨肌腱大小评估缺乏标准化（即极短或极长），我们将小于0.5毫米的肌腱定义为极短（1型），大于2.5毫米的肌腱定义为极长（5型）。
