Basak Sanjay, Das Mrinal K, Duttaroy Asim K
Molecular Biology Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India.
Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Birth Defects Res. 2020 Oct;112(17):1308-1325. doi: 10.1002/bdr2.1741. Epub 2020 Jun 1.
Despite the fact that the estrogenic effects of bisphenols were first described 80 years ago, recent data about its potential negative impact on birth outcome parameters raises a strong rationale to investigate further. The adverse health effects of plastics recommend to measure the impacts of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) such as bisphenols (BPA, BPS, BPF), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) in human health. Exposure to these compounds in utero may program the diseases of the testis, prostate, kidney and abnormalities in the immune system, and cause tumors, uterine hemorrhage during pregnancy and polycystic ovary. These compounds also control the processes of epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of adult-onset diseases by modulating DNA methylation and epimutations in reproductive cells. The early developmental stage is the most susceptible window for developmental and genomic programming. The critical stages of the events for a normal human birth lie between the many transitions occurring between spermatogenesis, egg fertilization and the fully formed fetus. As the cells begin to grow and differentiate, there are critical balances of hormones, and protein synthesis. Data are emerging on how these plastic-derived compounds affect embryogenesis, placentation and feto-placental development since pregnant women and unborn fetuses are often exposed to these factors during preconception and throughout gestation. Impaired early development that ultimately influences fetal outcomes is at the center of many developmental disorders and contributes an independent risk factor for adult chronic diseases. This review will summarize the current status on the impact of exposure to plastic derived EDCs on the growth, gene expression, epigenetic and angiogenic activities of the early fetal development process and their possible effects on birth outcomes.
尽管双酚的雌激素效应早在80年前就已被描述，但有关其对出生结局参数潜在负面影响的最新数据，为进一步研究提供了有力依据。塑料对健康的不利影响，促使人们去衡量双酚（双酚A、双酚S、双酚F）、邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯等内分泌干扰化合物（EDCs）对人类健康的影响。子宫内接触这些化合物可能会引发睾丸、前列腺、肾脏疾病以及免疫系统异常，并导致肿瘤、孕期子宫出血和多囊卵巢。这些化合物还通过调节生殖细胞中的DNA甲基化和表观突变，控制成年发病疾病的表观遗传跨代遗传过程。早期发育阶段是发育和基因组编程最敏感的时期。正常人类出生过程中事件的关键阶段，存在于精子发生、卵子受精和完全发育的胎儿之间发生的许多转变之中。随着细胞开始生长和分化，激素和蛋白质合成存在关键平衡。由于孕妇和未出生胎儿在孕前和整个孕期经常接触这些因素，有关这些源自塑料的化合物如何影响胚胎发生、胎盘形成和胎儿-胎盘发育的数据正在不断涌现。早期发育受损最终影响胎儿结局，这是许多发育障碍的核心问题，也是成人慢性疾病的一个独立危险因素。本综述将总结目前关于接触源自塑料的EDCs对早期胎儿发育过程的生长、基因表达、表观遗传和血管生成活动的影响及其对出生结局可能影响的研究现状。
