Eng Sothy, Donoghue Carli, Khun Tricia, Szmodis Whitney
University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii (SE, CD, TK).
Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania (WS).
Am J Lifestyle Med. 2020 Feb 28;14(3):258-263. doi: 10.1177/1559827620907833. eCollection 2020 May-Jun.
When examining food systems in contemporary, industrialized, and globalized nations such as the United States, there is a quantity over quality cultural mind-set driven by capitalism. This creates an environment in which consumer desires for convenient lifestyles run high, mainly focused on the production of food and individual financial gain rather than the food systems as a whole. This approach neglects the overall outcomes in health, wellness, health disparities, and the sustainability footprint associated with consumption. Food is more than just food. It involves a network of different levels and elements that creates a multidimensional framework in which food systems, and the choices produced within those systems, can either positively or negatively affect consumers' lifestyles and health. This article discusses the importance of food systems and the ways in which they can be incorporated into a lifestyle intervention for general food consumers as well as those suffering from dietary-related diseases. With a critical understanding that structural barriers associated with current food systems are partly responsible for dietary-related diseases, individuals' self-blame and guilt can be alleviated and liberated, thus enhancing overall emotional and physical health. Drawing on social cognitive theory, food systems are conceptualized into triadic, dynamic interaction of environment (eg, food production, processing, packaging, transporting, marketing, disposing), cognition (eg, learned experience, and knowledge of food, nutrition, and wellness), and behavior (eg, food purchasing, preparation, and consumption).
在审视美国等当代工业化和全球化国家的食物系统时,资本主义催生了一种重数量轻质量的文化思维模式。这营造了一种环境,即消费者对便捷生活方式的渴望高涨,主要聚焦于食品生产和个人经济收益,而非整个食物系统。这种方式忽视了与消费相关的健康、福祉、健康差距以及可持续发展足迹等总体结果。食物不仅仅是食物本身。它涉及一个由不同层次和要素构成的网络,形成了一个多维框架,在这个框架中,食物系统以及这些系统内产生的选择,会对消费者的生活方式和健康产生积极或消极的影响。本文讨论了食物系统的重要性,以及将其纳入针对普通食品消费者以及患有饮食相关疾病者的生活方式干预措施的方法。认识到当前食物系统相关的结构性障碍在一定程度上导致了饮食相关疾病,个人的自责和内疚感就能得到缓解和释放,从而提升整体的情绪和身体健康。借鉴社会认知理论,食物系统被概念化为环境(如食品生产、加工、包装、运输、营销、处置)、认知(如习得经验以及对食物、营养和健康的知识)和行为(如食品采购、制备和消费)的三元动态互动。