U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, P.O. Box 6099, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 250 North Mills Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2020 Mar;152:110915. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110915. Epub 2020 Jan 21.
Toxic effects of heavy oiling to wildlife are well known from oil spills, although sublethal oil exposure effects are poorly understood. We used Niche Mapper™, to compute spatially and temporally specific energetic and behavioral impacts of repeated sublethal oil exposure to double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus). During winter (October-March) cormorants exposed to 13 g, 39 g, and 65-78 g of oil, had on average a 31%, 59%, and 76% predicted increase in total resting energetic requirements (RMR) compared to unoiled birds, respectively. Increased RMR resulted in a mean (±SD) predicted increase in time spent foraging of 36 (±13) min·d. During the breeding season (April-September), cormorants had on average a 29%, 57% and 73% increase in total RMR and the mean predicted increase in time spent foraging was 131 (±49) min·d. Thermoregulatory effects of sublethal oil exposure may cause greater impacts to bird populations than is currently understood.
重油对野生动物的毒害作用众所周知，尽管亚致死性石油暴露的影响仍知之甚少。我们使用 Niche Mapper™，计算了重复接触亚致死性石油对双冠鸬鹚（Phalacrocorax auritus）的能量和行为的时空特异性影响。在冬季（10 月至 3 月），暴露于 13g、39g 和 65-78g 石油的鸬鹚的总静息能量需求（RMR）平均分别比未涂油的鸟类高出 31%、59%和 76%。RMR 的增加导致觅食时间平均（±SD）增加 36（±13）分钟·d。在繁殖季节（4 月至 9 月），鸬鹚的总 RMR 平均增加了 29%、57%和 73%，预计觅食时间的平均增加量为 131（±49）分钟·d。亚致死性石油暴露的体温调节效应可能对鸟类种群造成比目前所理解的更大的影响。
