Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2020 Aug;56:65-73. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.04.009. Epub 2020 May 29.
Plant pathogens can rapidly overcome resistance of their hosts by mutating key pathogenicity genes encoding for effectors. Pathogen adaptation is fuelled by extensive genetic variability in populations and different strains may not share the same set of genes. Recently, such an intra-specific variation in gene content became formalized as pangenomes distinguishing core genes (i.e. shared) and accessory genes (i.e. lineage or strain-specific). Across pathogens species, key effectors tend to be part of the rapidly evolving accessory genome. Here, we show how the construction and analysis of pathogen pangenomes provide deep insights into the dynamic host adaptation process. We also discuss how pangenomes should ideally be built and how geography, niche and lifestyle likely determine pangenome sizes.
植物病原体可以通过突变关键致病性基因（编码效应子）来迅速克服宿主的抗性。病原体的适应性是由种群中广泛的遗传变异性驱动的，不同的菌株可能不具有相同的基因集。最近，这种基因内容的种内变异被正式定义为泛基因组，区分核心基因（即共享）和辅助基因（即谱系或菌株特异性）。在病原体物种中，关键效应子往往是快速进化的辅助基因组的一部分。在这里，我们展示了病原体泛基因组的构建和分析如何深入了解动态的宿主适应过程。我们还讨论了泛基因组应该如何理想地构建，以及地理、生态位和生活方式如何可能决定泛基因组的大小。
