Gillen Zachary M, Shoemaker Marni E, McKay Brianna D, Bohannon Nicholas A, Gibson Sydney M, Cramer Joel T
Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska.
J Strength Cond Res. 2022 May 1;36(5):1245-1256. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003647. Epub 2020 May 28.
Gillen, ZM, Shoemaker, ME, McKay, BD, Bohannon, NA, Gibson, SM, and Cramer, JT. Influences of the stretch-shortening cycle and arm swing on vertical jump performance in children and adolescents. J Strength Cond Res 36(5): 1245-1256, 2022-This study compared the influences of the stretch-shortening cycle and arm swing on vertical jump performance during static jumps (SJs), counter-movement jumps (CMJs), and CMJs with arm swing (CMJAs) in young male and female athletes. Twenty-one boys (age = 12.1 ± 1.1 years) and 21 girls (age = 12.1 ± 1.1 years) performed SJs, CMJs, and CMJAs on force plates that sampled at 1 kHz. Measurements included peak force, rate of force development, peak power (PP), eccentric impulse (ECC), concentric impulse (CON), estimated jump height (JH), and changes in PP and JH across vertical jumps. Measurements of growth included age, maturity offset, height, body mass, fat-free mass, and thigh muscle cross-sectional area. Analyses of variance were used to analyze growth measurements across sex, as well as vertical jump outcome measures. Pearson product moment correlation coefficients were used to determine the relationships between changes in PP and JH across vertical jumps and growth measurements. There were differences in PP and JH such that SJ < CMJ < CMJA (p < 0.001), and ECC such that SJ < CMJA < CMJ (p ≤ 0.048). Changes in PP were greater from the SJ to CMJ than CMJ to CMJA (p ≤ 0.001). The change in PP from the SJ to CMJ exhibited moderate-to-high relationships with growth measurements for boys and girls (r = 0.543-0.803). Because young children may not have the skeletal musculature or strength necessary to absorb and reapply large eccentric preloading forces, future studies should consider using the CMJA, rather than the CMJ, to maximize vertical jump performance and minimize ECC. Coaches and practitioners can expect approximately 27-33% greater PP and 15-17% greater estimated JH when an arm swing is included during the CMJ.
吉伦，ZM、休梅克，ME、麦凯，BD、博安南，NA、吉布森，SM和克莱默，JT。拉长-缩短周期和摆臂对儿童和青少年垂直纵跳成绩的影响。《力量与体能研究杂志》36(5): 1245 - 1256，2022年。本研究比较了拉长-缩短周期和摆臂对年轻男女运动员在静态纵跳（SJ）、反向纵跳（CMJ）以及带摆臂反向纵跳（CMJA）过程中垂直纵跳成绩的影响。21名男孩（年龄 = 12.1 ± 1.1岁）和21名女孩（年龄 = 12.1 ± 1.1岁）在以1千赫兹采样的测力板上进行SJ、CMJ和CMJA动作。测量指标包括峰值力、力发展速率、峰值功率（PP）、离心冲量（ECC）、向心冲量（CON）、估计纵跳高度（JH）以及垂直纵跳过程中PP和JH的变化。生长指标测量包括年龄、成熟度偏移、身高、体重、去脂体重和大腿肌肉横截面积。方差分析用于分析不同性别的生长测量指标以及垂直纵跳结果指标。皮尔逊积矩相关系数用于确定垂直纵跳过程中PP和JH的变化与生长测量指标之间的关系。PP和JH存在差异，表现为SJ < CMJ < CMJA（p < 0.001），ECC表现为SJ < CMJA < CMJ（p ≤ 0.048）。从SJ到CMJ的PP变化大于从CMJ到CMJA的变化（p ≤ 0.001）。从SJ到CMJ的PP变化与男孩和女孩的生长测量指标呈现中度到高度的相关性（r = 0.543 - 0.803）。由于幼儿可能不具备吸收和重新施加较大离心预加载力所需的骨骼肌肉系统或力量，未来的研究应考虑使用CMJA而非CMJ，以最大化垂直纵跳成绩并最小化ECC。教练和从业者可以预期，当CMJ过程中加入摆臂时，PP大约会提高27 - 33%，估计JH会提高15 - 17%。
