School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745, Jena, Germany.
Nat Commun. 2020 Jun 1;11(1):2700. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-16557-2.
Northern China harbored the world's earliest complex societies based on millet farming, in two major centers in the Yellow (YR) and West Liao (WLR) River basins. Until now, their genetic histories have remained largely unknown. Here we present 55 ancient genomes dating to 7500-1700 BP from the YR, WLR, and Amur River (AR) regions. Contrary to the genetic stability in the AR, the YR and WLR genetic profiles substantially changed over time. The YR populations show a monotonic increase over time in their genetic affinity with present-day southern Chinese and Southeast Asians. In the WLR, intensification of farming in the Late Neolithic is correlated with increased YR affinity while the inclusion of a pastoral economy in the Bronze Age was correlated with increased AR affinity. Our results suggest a link between changes in subsistence strategy and human migration, and fuel the debate about archaeolinguistic signatures of past human migration.
中国北方的黄河（YR）和西辽河流域（WLR）是世界上最早以小米种植为基础的复杂社会的中心，直到现在，它们的遗传历史在很大程度上仍然未知。在这里，我们展示了来自 YR、WLR 和阿穆尔河（AR）地区的 7500-1700 BP 之间的 55 个古代基因组。与 AR 的遗传稳定性相反，YR 和 WLR 的遗传特征随时间发生了实质性变化。YR 人口随着时间的推移，与现代中国南方和东南亚的遗传亲和力呈单调递增。在 WLR，新石器时代晚期农业的集约化与 YR 亲和力的增加有关，而青铜时代包括畜牧业与 AR 亲和力的增加有关。我们的研究结果表明，生计策略的变化与人类迁徙之间存在联系，这也推动了有关过去人类迁徙的考古语言学特征的争论。
