State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
Curr Biol. 2023 Nov 20;33(22):4995-5002.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.055. Epub 2023 Oct 17.
The study of southwest China is vital for understanding the dispersal and development of farming because of the coexistence of millet and rice in this region since the Neolithic period. However, the process of the Neolithic transition in southwest China is largely unknown, mainly due to the lack of ancient DNA from the Neolithic period. Here, we report genome-wide data from 11 human samples from the Gaoshan and Haimenkou sites with mixed farming of millet and rice dating to between 4,500 and 3,000 years before present in southwest China. The two ancient groups derived approximately 90% of their ancestry from the Neolithic Yellow River farmers, suggesting a demic diffusion of millet farming to southwest China. We inferred their remaining ancestry to be derived from a Hòabìnhian-related hunter-gatherer lineage. We did not detect rice farmer-related ancestry in the two ancient groups, which indicates that they likely adopted rice farming without genetic assimilation. We, however, observed rice farmer-related ancestry in the formation of some present-day Tibeto-Burman populations. Our results suggested the occurrence of both demic and cultural diffusion in the development of Neolithic mixed farming in some parts of southwest China.
对西南地区的研究对于理解农耕的传播和发展至关重要，因为在新石器时代，该地区就同时存在小米和水稻。然而，由于缺乏新石器时代的古 DNA，中国西南地区的新石器时代过渡过程在很大程度上仍是未知的。在这里，我们报告了来自中国西南地区高山和海门口遗址的 11 个人类样本的全基因组数据，这些样本的年代在 4500 至 3000 年前，当时这些地区已经存在小米和水稻的混合农业。这两个古代群体的祖先大约有 90%来自新石器时代的黄河农民，这表明小米农业向西南地区的传播是一种人群扩散。我们推断他们的其余祖先是来自与豪比恩人有关的狩猎采集者谱系。我们没有在这两个古代群体中检测到与水稻农民相关的祖先，这表明他们可能在没有遗传同化的情况下采用了水稻农业。然而，我们在一些现代藏缅语族群的形成中观察到了与水稻农民相关的祖先。我们的研究结果表明，在西南地区部分地区新石器时代混合农业的发展过程中，既发生了人群扩散，也发生了文化扩散。
