Hepworth Allison D, Moding Kameron J, Stifter Cynthia A
University of Maryland School of Social Work, 525 West Redwood Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Purdue University, Fowler Memorial House, 1200 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
Food Qual Prefer. 2020 Jul;83. doi: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2020.103898. Epub 2020 Feb 1.
This study explored how mothers' observed and self-reported child feeding practices (child control over food choices, encouragement of balance and variety, and teaching about nutrition) were associated with mother-child snack food selections and child snack food consumption in a laboratory setting. Mothers ( = 107) and their 4.5-year-old children (52% female) selected up to 5 snack foods (out of 9 snack foods: 6 higher-energy-density [ED] and 3 lower-ED) for optional child consumption throughout a one-hour laboratory visit. Mothers' in-the-moment child feeding practices during the snack food selection task were coded using observational coding schemes, and mothers' global child feeding practices (i.e., across meals and snacking occasions) were self-reported using the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (Musher-Eizenman & Holub, 2007). Results of multiple linear regression analyses with covariates showed that higher-ED snack food selections were positively associated with observed child control over food choices ( = 0.35, = 0.12, = .006) and self-reported teaching about nutrition ( = 0.49, = 0.19, = .010), and negatively associated with self-reported encouragement of balance and variety ( = -0.66, = 0.24, = .007). Lower-ED snack food selections were positively associated with self-reported encouragement of balance and variety ( = 0.53, = 0.20, = .008). Child consumption of higher-ED or lower-ED snack foods were not significantly associated with mothers' child feeding practices (observed or self-reported). We discuss the implications of these findings for future research on children's snack food selection and consumption.
本研究探讨了在实验室环境中，观察到的母亲育儿喂养行为以及母亲自我报告的育儿喂养行为（孩子对食物选择的控制权、对均衡多样饮食的鼓励以及营养知识传授）与母婴零食选择及孩子零食消费之间的关联。母亲（n = 107）及其4.5岁的孩子（52%为女孩）在长达一小时的实验室访问期间，从9种零食（6种高能量密度[ED]和3种低能量密度）中最多选择5种零食供孩子随意食用。在零食选择任务期间，母亲当下的育儿喂养行为通过观察编码方案进行编码，母亲整体的育儿喂养行为（即跨正餐和零食场合）则通过综合喂养行为问卷（Musher-Eizenman & Holub，2007）进行自我报告。带有协变量的多元线性回归分析结果显示，高能量密度零食的选择与观察到的孩子对食物选择的控制权呈正相关（β = 0.35，SE = 0.12，p = .006）以及自我报告的营养知识传授呈正相关（β = 0.49，SE = 0.19，p = .010），与自我报告的对均衡多样饮食的鼓励呈负相关（β = -0.66，SE = 0.24，p = .007）。低能量密度零食的选择与自我报告的对均衡多样饮食的鼓励呈正相关（β = 0.53，SE = 0.20，p = .008）。孩子对高能量密度或低能量密度零食的消费与母亲的育儿喂养行为（观察到的或自我报告的）没有显著关联。我们讨论了这些发现对未来儿童零食选择和消费研究的启示。
