Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Sep;27(25):31250-31258. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-09425-5. Epub 2020 Jun 1.
The World Health Organization declared waterpipe smoking as a growing public health concern. Our study aimed to assess waterpipe smoking knowledge and attitude among current waterpipe smokers in comparison with nonsmokers and to evaluate its association with current and cumulative waterpipe smoking. A cross-sectional study was carried between May and December 2018 using a multistage cluster sample across Lebanon. Nonsmokers or exclusive current waterpipe smokers were eligible to participate. A total of 4046 adult individuals participated in the study, 38.3% (n = 1550) being current waterpipe smokers. Current waterpipe smoking was positively associated with female gender [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.79, 95%CI 1.40-2.28] and having a mother who is a regular smoker (aOR 1.47, 95%CI 1.15-1.88) while it was negatively associated with better knowledge about waterpipe smoking harm (aOR 0.95, 95%CI 0.93-0.97) and positive attitude toward waterpipe smoking ban (aOR 0.98, 95%CI 0.96-0.99). Cumulative waterpipe smoking was negatively associated with female gender (β = - 0.012), higher education level (β = - 0.28), and positive attitude toward WPS ban (β = - 0.06). Waterpipe smoking is largely present among the Lebanese population, with waterpipe smokers showing lower knowledge about harm and more intolerant attitude about banning. Health awareness supported by media campaigns and governmental initiatives should be conducted to educate people and change their perceptions regarding waterpipe smoking.
世界卫生组织宣布水烟吸烟是一个日益严重的公共卫生问题。我们的研究旨在评估当前水烟吸烟者与非吸烟者相比，对水烟吸烟的知识和态度，并评估其与当前和累计水烟吸烟的关系。这项横断面研究于 2018 年 5 月至 12 月期间在黎巴嫩进行，采用多阶段聚类抽样。非吸烟者或当前只吸过水烟的人有资格参加。共有 4046 名成年个体参与了这项研究，其中 38.3%（n=1550）是当前的水烟吸烟者。当前的水烟吸烟与女性性别呈正相关（调整后的优势比[aOR]1.79，95%置信区间[CI]1.40-2.28），与母亲是经常吸烟者呈正相关（aOR 1.47，95%CI 1.15-1.88），而与对水烟吸烟危害的认识较好呈负相关（aOR 0.95，95%CI 0.93-0.97），与对水烟吸烟禁令的积极态度呈负相关（aOR 0.98，95%CI 0.96-0.99）。累计水烟吸烟与女性性别（β=-0.012）、较高的教育水平（β=-0.28）和对 WPS 禁令的积极态度（β=-0.06）呈负相关。水烟吸烟在黎巴嫩人口中大量存在，水烟吸烟者对危害的认识较低，对禁止水烟吸烟的态度更为不宽容。应开展以健康意识为基础的媒体宣传和政府倡议，教育人们并改变他们对水烟吸烟的看法。
