Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie - Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Mar;26(8):8194-8201. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-04311-1. Epub 2019 Jan 29.
The popularity of waterpipe smoking is dramatically increasing in Lebanon, reaching 36.9%, the highest among countries in the region. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have assessed the impact of waterpipe smoking on lipid levels in the Lebanese population. Therefore, the objective of the study was to evaluate the correlation between waterpipe smoking and LDL-C and total cholesterol levels in exclusive Lebanese waterpipe smokers compared to non-smokers. This cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2016 and February 2017, enrolling 308 patients (156 non-smokers and 147 waterpipe smokers) from four laboratories. Current and previous WS (beta = 66.64 and beta = 71.49) were significantly associated with higher LDL scores. Current WS was significantly associated with and total cholesterol levels (beta = 34.12). Cumulative WS (number of waterpipes per week × duration in years) was significantly associated with higher LDL-C and total cholesterol levels respectively (p < 0.001 for all 3 variables). The university level of education (beta = 8.89) and current alcohol drinking (beta = 8.81) were significantly associated with higher LDL scores. Our study demonstrated an association between previous or current waterpipe smoking and lipid level. Future research are needed to detect the direct cause of the relation between waterpipe smoking and CVD. Concerned authorities should set up awareness campaigns to increase alertness on dangers of WS and dependence, and encourage these young adults to embrace health-promoting behaviors.
水烟吸烟在黎巴嫩的流行率显著增加，达到 36.9%，是该地区国家中最高的。据我们所知，尚无研究评估水烟吸烟对黎巴嫩人群血脂水平的影响。因此，本研究的目的是评估与非吸烟者相比，单纯的黎巴嫩水烟吸烟者的水烟吸烟与 LDL-C 和总胆固醇水平之间的相关性。这项横断面研究于 2016 年 10 月至 2017 年 2 月期间在四个实验室进行，共纳入 308 名患者（156 名非吸烟者和 147 名水烟吸烟者）。目前和以前的 WS（β=66.64 和 β=71.49）与更高的 LDL 评分显著相关。目前的 WS 与总胆固醇水平显著相关（β=34.12）。每周水烟数量×吸烟年限的累积 WS 与 LDL-C 和总胆固醇水平分别显著相关（所有 3 个变量的 p 值均<0.001）。大学教育水平（β=8.89）和当前饮酒（β=8.81）与更高的 LDL 评分显著相关。本研究表明，过去或现在的水烟吸烟与血脂水平之间存在关联。需要进一步的研究来检测水烟吸烟与 CVD 之间关系的直接原因。有关当局应开展宣传活动，提高对水烟危害和依赖的认识，并鼓励这些年轻人养成促进健康的行为。
